MAKE MONEY ONLINE

The Intelligent Power of Investment Competence

2010-03-10T15:57:00.000+01:00

In today's complex and dynamic economic environment, being an educated investor is vital to achieving your financial goals. The fast developing technology and the expanding financial globalization boost investment opportunities, bringing them to your doorstep. Today you can invest in a mutual fund in India, in an investment fund in Australia, or buy shares in a textile manufacturing plant in China, without leaving your home.

The emerging economies of Eastern Europe and East Asia are now providing some of the most lucrative investment opportunities, becoming attractive and healthy investment environments. Investors who have penetrated these markets are adopting a global perspective, breaking new ground.

OPENING AN ACCOUNT

Opening an account with Genius is an easy and straightforward process. To invest with Genius you must fill out new account application form, provide your personal information (name, address, telephone number) and specify your e-currency accounts. Your account will be created and activated immediately after they receive your application.

Before proceeding to the new account application form please review the terms and conditions, privacy policy and anti-money laundering policy pages. It's imperative to understand and accept these legal related policies before opening a new account.

They strongly recommend that you install a firewall and a spyware removal tool. Please keep in mind that account holder is liable for keeping his/her account credentials safe and secure thus preventing any unauthorized access and operations.

GENIUS INVESTMENT FUNDS

Genius Funds manages two investment funds. Their funds are investing mainly in highly lucrative equities and bonds, focusing on emerging economies. They offer investment products that provide flexibility, keeping pace with the individual demands of our investors.

Fund name Symbol Dividends
Emerging Markets Growth Fund EMGF 1.0% - 1.9%, Daily payments
World Bond Market Fund WBMF 6.0% - 9.0%, Weekly payments

EMERGING MARKETS GROWTH FUND

Genius clearing symbol: EMGF

Investment objective: Long-term investment generating maximum regular income.
Minimum Initial investment
Common Shares: USD 10
Preferred Shares: USD 500
Premium Shares: USD 5000
Income distribution
Distribution period: Daily, at midnight CET next day
Dividend range: 1.0% - 1.2% for Common Shares, 1.1%-1.4% for Preferred Shares and 1.3%-1.9% for Premium Shares

Most investments are made in countries with S&P Rating BB+ or higher. Stock investments are diversified across many industries, with a high focus on the country's leading industry (producing 20 or more % GDP in some cases). For example, the fund has chosen the KASE stock exchange of Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan (S&P BBB rating), where it had heavily invested in the energy market. Kazakhstan has one of the largest undeveloped non-OPEC oil reserves in the world, and its energy export constitutes a significant part of the country's GDP. Investment failures in this sector of Kazakhstan's economy are highly unlikely. Share price of the fund remains unchanged at $1 per share. All the income generated by the fund is distributed to shareholders daily¹. Shares cannot be sold or exchanged within first 150 days from purchase.

If additional shares of this fund are purchased within the first 150 days and their value is higher than 50% of the currently owned shares, the 150 days no-sale period will start from the day you have purchased the additional shares.

Investment strategies:
Normally, 80% of the funds are invested in the Emerging market economies (countries that have an emerging stock market as defined by S&P, countries or markets with low-to-middle-income economies as defined by the World Bank, and countries with similar characteristics) 20% of the funds are invested in stable economic environments, for risk balancing purposes 70% of funds are invested in equities (stocks), 15% in bonds and the remaining funds are traded on futures, options and commodities markets Each particular investment is carefully analyzed. Fund managers will analyze the issuer's financial condition and industry position, as well as the market's economic strengths.

WORLD BOND MARKET FUND

Genius clearing symbol: WBMF

Investment objective: Long-term investment generating moderate regular income. Minimum Initial investment
Common Shares: USD 10
Preferred Shares: USD 500
Premium Shares: USD 5000
Income distribution
Distribution period: Weekly, on Mondays
Dividend range: 6.0% - 6.5% for Common shares, 6.5%-7.0% for Preferred Shares and 7.4%-9.0% for Premium shares

This fund is especially attractive for investors seeking regular, continuous income on a long-term basis. The fund's assets are mainly placed in high yield bonds, providing individual investors with access to a bond market that is usually available only to institutional investors. Share price of the fund remains unchanged at $1 per share. Shares cannot be sold or exchanged within first 180 days¹ from purchase.

Investment strategies:
Normally, 30% of funds are invested in China, 20% in Eastern Europe, 20% in South America, 15% in the Middle East and the remaining North America. 10% of funds are invested in stable economic environments for risk balancing purposes. 70% of funds are invested in high yield bonds, 20% in stocks and the remaining funds are traded on futures, options and commodities markets. Each individual investment is carefully analyzed. Fund's managers analyze issuer's financial condition, industry position, market and economic conditions before selecting the investments.

If additional shares of this fund are purchased within the first 180 days and their value is higher than 50% of the currently owned shares, the 180 days no-sale period will start from the day you have purchased the additional shares.

To Invest With Genius funds

• HOW TO START?
Follow the instructions on how to set up & properly fund your account. Just follow the 3 Easy Steps to get signed up with an E-Currency account and then with Genius Funds.

1. START. First, you have to open an E-Currency account with Liberty Reserve, Perfect Money, or StrictPay.
Click here to open a Liberty Reserve Account

Click here to open a Perfect Money Account

Click here to open a StrictPay Account

Just go to these sites and choose which one of them is best for you. All three work well so pick one of them and open an account. I recommend Liberty Reserve.
The above merchants are 3rd party E-currency exchangers. Those are companies that take your real money and convert it into “Electronic Currency” (E-Currency).
Click here for a Liberty Reserve Exchanger
Click here for a Perfect Money Exchanger
Click here for a StrictPay Exchanger
What you will do is take the money you want to deposit into Genius Funds and send it to an E-currency exchanger via a Bank wire, a Check, Western Union, or by credit card and even more ways. Below are some of E-currency exchangers:
www.epaynigeria.com
www.instantgoldng.com or
www.naira4gold.com

Here is an Example below…

EXAMPLE: So, let’s say that you want to put $500 into GeniusFunds… You would go to an E-currency processor like Liberty Reserve and create an account. (Don’t worry, opening an account is free.) After opening your E-currency account you would then deposit your $500 into your Liberty Reserve account by using a bank wire, a check, Western union, or your credit card through an E-currency Exchanger. (Remember that all E-currency exchangers have fees that they charge to receive and distribute your money. That is how they make they make their money. So, if putting $500 into your E-currency account you might need $510 etc. so that the end result you place into GeniusFunds is $500. Just make sure you look at their fee schedule so that you will know what you will be paying in and out.) It usually takes 3-10 minutes to get your E-currency account funded so relax for a few minutes. (Make SURE that with whatever E-currency account you sign up with that you place all your account user names and passwords in a safe place for future reference as you will need them later to transfer funds in and out of GeniusFunds.)

2. REGISTRATION. After opening and funding your E-Currency account you will then come back to the GeniusFunds website and open your GeniusFunds account. Click on the “Home” tab or here
http://www.geniusfunds.com/?c=770281

On the GeniusFunds website click on open account. This is where you will place your E-currency account number in the registration form to open your account, while filling the account opening form. Make sure you place your E-currency account number in the proper box of the exchanger you signed up for,. There are only three available so just look for yours and put it in the correct one or all of them if you have. Next you will create your account password. It can pretty much be anything you want. Just make sure that you put it in a safe place to remember it for future reference. Then you will type your password in again a second time to make sure it is correct and your Telephone Pin Number (TPN). After that “check” that you agree to the rules and then hit the”Register” button. You are now signed up into GeniusFunds!

3. INVESTING. Now you are going to Fund your GeniusFunds account to start making some MONEY! This is very simple. Just log into your GeniusFunds account. Once you are inside, click on purchase share by the right Navigation. On the purchase page, you will type in the amount that you are going to transfer from your e-currency exchanger account to your GeniusFunds account or the amount of share you want to buy and fill in the necessary information like days of investment and re-investment percentage. Once that is done hit the “Purchase” button to. It will then automatically take you to your E-currency processor merchant area, so that you can login to your account to complete the transaction. Just follow the on-screen instructions within your E-currency account and you are done! Your GeniusFunds account is now instantly funded and you will be able to see your funds in your Balance Sheet. You will now start getting paid daily or weekly depend on your choice of investment.

To your Success!

Anjorin Paul

earn more than $950 in the next 4 days

2008-12-24T00:01:00.000+01:00

Hi,

I can assure you that you will give a testimony in just 4 days' time. This is a highly dependable program that enables you to earn more than $950 in the next 4 days.
Note: If the site fails to open for you refresh the page several times.

Follow the 4 steps below to start earning now:

Step 1:
If not already a registered member, then register a free account with http://www.4xfunds.com/?PID=473

Also ensure you have a Liberty Reserve account or Solid Trust Pay account. This enables you to cashout out your earnings.

Step 2:
After registration with http://www.4xfunds.com/?PID=473 login to your account and click on "Buy Income Plans"
Then choose Fixed Rate or Variable Rates. Based on your selection, you are then presented with possible plans to enable you start earning.

Step 3.
Make your decision and add income plans of your choice. Done!

Now allow a few hours to check your account for your earnings. It is as simple as this. If you are not happy with what you see, request for a refund. With all certainty, you will get a refund.

Step 4:
Click on Add Your Views to give your testimonies based how your level of satisfaction with the progrma. I can assure you that you will happily give your testimonies in the next 3 days.

You will need Liberty Reserve account to get your earning. It’s free get it now through this link http://www.libertyreserve.com/?ref=U6198351

Regards

Eclat

MAKE IT REAL

2008-12-07T00:13:00.000+01:00

Thanks for showing interest in my program. I believe you must have been simply directed to this homepage through our numerous adverts. You are honorably welcome~ I promise you will be glad you took this giant step when you eventually start making your cool cash online. My program is quite unique and genuine in the sense that you start making money in a few hours from now without any capital investment except for the price you will have to pay for securing this sacred secret at your fingertips. This encompass a step-by-step e-book and a free website simply package for you all for this program. Well, that’s quite cheap compared to the relative worth and the potentiality of the information to be disbursed. HOW MY PROGRAM WORKS.I have spent hundreds of Dollars in perfecting and strategizing this system for over a considerable length of months… Now, it has been fully mastered and packaged for my and your benefit. That is making our cool cash online in a jiffy and continuously. It’s just a privilege and destiny for you to reap out of my Internet ingenuity. Imagine you have an opportunity of browsing and while you do so, you were compelled to Do survey, Google Ad sense, Blogging, CLICK on adverts, Domaineering est., and by doing so, you earn money per click. How many advertisements will you be willing to click if a click earns you $0.15? Say 500clicks? If you do that, you will simply have $75. I guess this makes sense because you can manage 500clicks within an hour. If this $75 is multiply by 30, you have $2,250 per month. What this incline is that with an hour daily for thirty days, you will be shown the secret of making $2,250 per month. This is no gimmicking its real. Isn’t this marvelous? My program will set you on course for lifetime recurring revenue which you will easily get via making clicks and just making clicks and just clicking at your comfort. It’s as simple and easy as that. CREDIBILITY Take a look at the topmost of this page, you will see a set of adverts placed there. This is exactly what will be rolling in money for us. Just try and click on all of the adverts after reading through this page. By that CLICK, I make money. I gave this as an example to allay any fears of fraud. Please be wise, am not here to defraud anyone. I am applying my research into this profitable venture to bring wealth to all of us. We are working together as an entity because; I will be making money as you will also be making yours and every other member of this program. We are here to help each other and here I am as the coordinator. Never doubt! This is for Real! That is a brief summary of what my program is all about. I will give you the step-by-step process of getting started through my package and within 48 hours you will set up your account and start earning immediately. But remember, you require NO STARTING CAPITAL, NO HIDDEN CHARGES. I will give you all the necessary materials for free, including a website of your own. No risk, no fear, no panicking, just count yourself lucky for this discovery. It has been perfected by me and my team of Internet Gurus. For the purpose of having the "FREE INFORMATION MATERIAL ON GETTING STARTED", a token amount of #1500 administrative fees becomes inevitable. Never mind this inconveniency as against my promise of giving out this information for free... it's of mutual benefit. This fee becomes necessary so as to screen out unserious ones out of this program and also for the logistics in the preparation of this programme. Please be considerate with this. We all know that information gotten for free is never cherished. This fee is by far not my price for this priceless programme. All this is contained in the Starting Kit I shall send to your mailbox after payment confirmation... so be Informed!!! All you need do right now is to rush down to the bank and pay for your registration so as to get listed in our database of subscribers right away. Just 200 people are needed as at this moment. Don’t procrastinate as it may be costly. NOTE there is 100% money return guarantee for anyone that feel aggrieved or not satisfy or doesn’t have at least 75% of our acclaimed monthly revenue. For now, we charge #1500 for the kit. That’s dirt cheap! It’s going to #3,500 very soon.
PAYMENT INFORMATION.AMOUNT TO BE PAID #1500
BANK: GTBA/C
NAME: Anjorin Paul O.
A/C NO 4024699621590After payment, send your payment notification to: 08057014146 with the following info:
SUBJECT “Payment notification”
i. Your teller number.
ii. ii. Amount paid
iii. iii. Branch paid to.
iv. iv. Your email address.
v. Your phone number
You will get the Starter Kit in your mail address within 24hours to 36hours of confirmation of your payment. Thanks and Congratulations!

What is Data Entry?

2008-12-06T22:58:00.000+01:00

Data entry is the act of transcribing some form of data into another form, usually a computer program. Forms of data that people might transcribe include handwritten documents, information off spreadsheets from another computer program, sequences of numbers, letters and symbols that build a program, or simple data like names and addresses. Some people perform jobs that are exclusively data entry, while others, like programmers, might have to occasionally enter data.

Since the advent of computers, and since the beginning of typing, the need to collect and neatly present documents has required data entry. Good typists, especially those who are also excellent at 10-key typing often are the most qualified for data entry positions. On the other hand, many computer programmers are not terrific typists but still plow their way through inputting code into programs when needed.

People who work exclusively in the field of data entry are likely to be quick typists, able to read off longhand or typewritten documents, and must be accurate. In programming, the wrong letter, number or symbol can throw off an entire command function of a program. For spreadsheets or for documentation that will be published or printed, typos can result in misinformation or embarrassing errors.

Data entry requires focus and concentration, and some find the work exhausting and even challenging to the body. For any person who types all day, paying attention to maintaining good posture, typing in an ergonomically sound position, and taking breaks for the eyes and hands are all important. Most experts in workplace ergonomics suggest that people entering long streams of data should take a break at least once an hour by moving away from the computer screen. Hand exercises and stretching exercises for the body may also help prevent typing related injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome.

With a number of information systems requiring a constant stream of data, data entry doesn’t necessarily have to take place in an office or workplace. Many people work out of their homes entering data, transcribing medical information, or updating websites — especially websites that offer merchandise. You can find numerous telecommuting data entry jobs available which provide people with an excellent way to have a flexible schedule.

What should be avoided for anyone who wishes to enter the data entry field are “scam” offers, which promise data entry work if you pay a fee. Although there are many of these scams on the Internet, there are many legitimate data entry jobs available through reputable freelance sites that don’t require a fee. Typically, data entry jobs pay between 10-15 US dollars (USD) per hour. People with specialties like medical transcription, can make a little more than that.

In some cases, computers can perform data entry by scanning documents and converting information into different programs. It is predicted that this method and others may ultimately take over some data entry jobs. For example, voice software might eliminate the need for medical transcriptionists at some point. If you do plan to work in the field of data entry, it can help to diversify your skills and learn something about the field in which you’re working. For example, if you spend days entering code for websites, learning tools to program in HTML and Java might make you more employable in the future.

How to Make Money Online

2008-10-17T14:02:00.001+02:00

There are many business ventures that can be found on the internet. All it takes is some searching, imagination, and thinking about what type of service you can offer by reaching out to others, by way of the internet.In this article, we attempt to highlight you some possible common ways to make money online. If you are a beginner, you can find very good assistance and a startup knowledge.1. Sell information. There are many forms of information that you can sell on the internet, such as e-Books (digital books), digital reports, newsletters, or software. Virtually any product that is informative in nature can be sold on the internet as an information product. Here are some reasons why information products are a good choice to use to sell online: o Information products are easy to create and quick to market. This type of method does not take years to develop, nor does it require intense design meetings, nor is it expensive to manufacture. You can create information products in as little as a couple of hours and not long after they are posted, they are generating a source of revenue. All you need to begin this venture is a great topic and a computer. o You do not have to stock or count inventory. This frees up space in your home or garage because you do not have to buy any products to sell to others. The product that you are selling is digital and the only space that it will be taking up is on your computer. o Startup costs are minimal because when you create an information product the only investment you are making is the time it takes you to create the product. In addition, if you choose to become an affiliate marketer for someone else who wants to place his or her information product on your web page your investment is nothing. o Sales and delivery is automatic and is available 24 hours per day, seven days a week and you never have to close your doors. There are programs that allow you to completely automate everything from sales and deliveries to anything else that is needed to operate a successful information product business. o It gives your customers immediate access or delivery of the product. For your customer there is no waiting for what they are looking for, especially if you have your business set up to automatically handle every aspect of the transaction. o Save costs because shipping and handling are non-existent for this type of business venture. The only type of shipping that is required on your part is to click your mouse and send the customer the information that they are looking for. 2. Earn an affiliate income. o There are a variety of different types of compensation plans that online programs use. With some you just get paid once for the sale. Others will pay you a recurring monthly income for making the sale. And other online programs will even pay you when the members you refer also refer other members. These are called multi-level compensation plans. o Choosing a program with a multi-level compensation plan can be very profitable especially if it is a forced matrix plan. A forced matrix compensation plan only allows so many on your first level, generally 2 to 5. If you refer more than 2 to 5 then they would spill over to help your first level members. Can you see how you could work as a team with this type of compensation plan? Every member is working as a team for mutual profits. These programs are sometimes called pyramid schemes, so be sure to research the program carefully. Generally a program can be considered a pyramid scheme if sales commissions are split more than 4 levels; in this case, it is difficult to make enough money on each sale to create a substantial income. Another important distinction is whether or not the business is backed by a real, marketable and fairly-priced consumer product. If a product cannot sustain a solid consumer base, then distributors only promote to distributors and the business is doomed to fail. Multi-level marketing got a bad reputation in the '70s, but many valid and legitimate companies exist today. o Make sure you get credit for the people that you refer otherwise it would be a wasted effort. This article is too short to go into static versus dynamic affiliate sites or cookie referral tracking systems. If the sponsor’s name shows on the affiliate site you may want to take note of it before you join then verify that he or she is your sponsor when you log in. If your sponsor received credit for you joining then you should too. A good sponsor should contact you after you have joined from their affiliate site offering help. If they don’t you may want to contact them. 3. Earn money with Google Adsense. o Start an Internet auction business. o Sell t-shirts online through Cafepress. o Figure out a unique idea and you will get lots of visitors. You can for example search the Internet with keywords "website ideas". 4. Join a site where you get paid to click on ads. You might have heard people telling you how much they make online, without you that have been surfing the net for the past 5years making a dime. Here are genuine ways to make money online. Make money online throughPaid SurveyPaid To Surf ProgramsThrough AffiliateAD sense e.t.cHOW DO I ORDERPay #3000 to any GTBANK Branch AccountName: ANJORIN PAUL O.Account Number 2208332401590SEND ME A MAIL OR TEXT WITH SUBJECT “I HAVE PAID” To 08057014146 with your valid e-mail address and the depositor’s name.NOTE: Provide the following information.1. Your name2. Your e-mail addresses3. The bank name and branch4. The Teller number.You are sure to download your information kit immediatelyyour payment is confirmed by us.Email me at: panjorz@gmail.com orThrough E-gold; 4682284

EARN CASH ONLINE WITHOUT A DIME

2008-09-29T12:41:00.001+02:00

You might have heard people telling you how much they make online, without you that have been surfing the net for the past 5years making a dime. Here are genuine ways to make money online. Make money online throughPaid SurveyPaid To Surf ProgramsThrough AffiliateAD sense e.t.cHOW DO I ORDERPay #3000 to any GTBANK Branch AccountName: ANJORIN PAUL O.Account Number 2208332401590SEND ME A MAIL OR TEXT WITH SUBJECT “I HAVE PAID” To 08057014146 with your valid e-mail address and the depositor’s name.NOTE: Provide the following information.1. Your name2. Your e-mail addresses3. The bank name and branch4. The Teller number.You are sure to download your information kit immediatelyyour payment is confirmed by us.Email me at: panjorz@gmail.com orThrough E-gold; 4682284

Starting A Home Business

2008-08-05T00:54:00.000+02:00

It is a wonderful idea to start your own home business. It makes great sense, nowadays, as the cost of living by way of escalating taxes, food prices, fuel costs are causing severe hardships on almost every household.There are countless of home business opportunities out there and these can be broadly subdivided into two main categories:
Part Time Home Business Opportunities
This is a business opportunity that you will operate on a part tme basis like in the evenings, week-ends, holidays, etc. Most people who choose this type of part time home business are those that are currently employed full time but seek to supplement their income with a part time business endeavour.
Full Time Home Business Opportunities
This home business is run as a normal business, probably during regular business hours, from the home by the owner. People who choose this are normally not employed elsewhere or are retired, etc. It is just like a regular business, the only difference being that it is run from the home of the owner.In today's day and age, it is recommended that everyone try some sort of income earning activity from home. Your choice will naturally depend on a host of factors which include:
Your Skills Or Experience
Your choice of home business might depend on your current skills or experience. For example, if you bake really great cookies, you might consider starting a cookie business from home. A youngster with experience gained from repairing his own motorbike and of his friend's might consider a home motorbike repair business - the possibilities are endless.If you don't really have any skills to speak of - don't worry. Skills can be learnt quickly with the proper training. For example, you can join your local community part time (evening) colleges that offer self-enrichment courses like baking, woodworking, etc.
Capital Investment
You need to consider what kind of capital investment your home business will need. Do you have the funds readily available or would you need to borrow from a bank perhaps? Since a home business, like any other business, carries some element of risk, it is advisable to start a home business that requires little or almost no capital to start. If you have to invest some money, it is better to use your own and that you will be able to absorb the loss with no serious effects to you, should your business not work out.
Suitability
Your choice of a home business will also depend on the space you have available. Would you need storage space, a big yard, etc? You need to consider this aspect when deciding.
Time
Time is a precious commodity to your home business and you should choose a home business that will be suited to the time you have available, especially if it is on a part time basis. You need to consider your social life like family commitments, kids, etc.
Licensing Requirements/Legislation
Research what licensing, legislation, or zoning requirements you will to need to comply with with your home business. Will you be able to comply or is it too restrictive? You must also consider the fees that you will need to pay and factor this in when working out the profitability of your home business.
Staff
Will your home business need employees or can you manage on your own, for a while, at least? Can family members assist? When starting up, it is advisable to choose a business that can be run by yourself, maybe on a small scale. Once you are up and established, and if it is absolutely necessary, then you may take on some paid help.
Demand
You also need to consider whether there will be a reasonable demand for your product or service. If there is, will you able to deliver at a competitive price and still make a decent profit?
Profits And Expenses
You need to project your future profit and expense expectations. This will give you some idea whether your home business stands a good chance of succeeding. Calculate reasonable sales expected and then the expenses you will have to fork out to get there and study it. You may ask a good accounting officer to assist you with this.If you already have a home business idea that you are thinking of starting, then you must consider all of the above points. If you would like to start a home business but still need some ideas, the following listed ideas might be of some help to you in steering you in the right direction.

13 Steps to Successful Blogging

2008-07-22T13:53:00.000+02:00

Blogs can be a very marketable and very profitable tool if used correctly. Profiting from blogs is just a matter of grabbing the attention of an audience and not doing any actual salesmen selling. In this article you will learn the 13 most essential steps to successful blogging.1) Where to start?You should begin your blog with a free blog hosting service such as Journal Home or Blogger. Starting with a free blog hosting service allows you to begin blogging instantly without having any advance knowledge of scripts, hosting, or programming. It allows you to focus on your content and not the internal maintenance of the blog. The best benefit of starting with a free service is, in the case your blog doesn't become successful you do not lose any money or are you left holding the bill. The great thing about a blog is that they are organized in chronological order, your latest entry is displayed first. When your blog traffic grows greatly and you are ready to upgrade to your own domain then you can simply make your last blog entry the announcement of your "move". Simply add a last entry stating that your blog has "moved" and type the new blog URL address. Which directs visitors to your new blog site, keeping your following, without a major inconvenience to anyone. Upgrade as you need to...but only when you need to!2) NicheA niche is a targeted product, service, or topic. You should first decide on a product, service, or topic which interest you. Choose an area which you can enthusiastically write about on a daily basis. You can use keyword research services like Google Zeitgeist or Yahoo! Buzz Index to find popular searched topics. It does NOT matter if your topic is popular as long as there is a audience for your topic and the topic is precisely focused then your blog should be successful. Anything can be considered a niche as long as it has a target audience no matter how large or how small the audience is. A blog about your cat can be a niche or a blog about the species of the cat family can be a larger niche market, if there are people who are interested in hearing about your cat or the species of the cat family...you can even choose to build your audience for a market which an audience does not exist, but first you must build your blog.3) Update Daily (nothing less)This step is a must and not a suggestion. Updating your blog daily not only keeps your blog more interesting to readers, but it also gives your blog fresh content on a day to day making it more appealing to search engines. Not updating your blog on an occasional holiday or one day here and there is understandable to most, but missing days at a time or weeks is unacceptable and will most likely result in your blog being unsuccessful. To keep your blog traffic and retain your visitors interest it is a must to update your blog daily with multiple entries. You should try to update your blog everyday with at least 3 or more daily entries. The best way to accomplish this is to set aside 1-2 hours a day for tending to your blog and adding new entries. It may even be wise to schedule a set time which you dedicate to your blog each day. Give yourself work hours and treat your blog as a job, what happens if you don't come to work for days or weeks...you lose money or worse you get fired! Same applies here...if you don't update your blog for days or weeks you'll lose visitors.4) TrafficIt's no secret. You must have traffic to profit from blogs. There are numerous ways to build traffic. Paid advertising, free advertising, viral marketing, search engine marketing, RSS/XML feeds, and word-of-mouth. You should always use your blog URL address in the signature of your email, forum discussions, message boards, or any other communication media. You should submit your blog URL address to search engines and blog directories. You should submit your RSS/XML URL feed to blog ping services like Technorati, Ping-O-Matic, and Blogdigger. You should confidently share your blog with family, friends, co-workers, associates, and business professionals when it relates. Many blogs can be considered as a collection of articles, for this purpose you should submit your blog entries (those that are valuable and lengthy articles) to content syndicators like GoArticles.com or ArticleCity.com. Once submitted your articles can be picked up and published by others. The trick is to make sure you include your Blog URL address in the "About the Author" passage. What this does is create link popularity and backlinks for your blog, when someone picks up your article from the syndication then publish the article on their website the "About the Author" passage is included with each publication and the link you included is followed, crawled, and indexed by search engines. Imagine if your article is popular enough or controversial enough to produce 10,000 publications across the web. The search engines is bound to find your site in no time with that many publications and credit you a authority on the topic, in return increasing your rank on search engines. The small effort of writing a well written article is rewarding. You should try to write at least 1 full length article every week for syndication and submit your article to at least 10 article syndicators.5) Track Your BlogHow do you know if your blog has traffic? Just because no one is leaving comments doesn't mean your blog isn't growing. Many visitors do not leave comments but they are returning visitors. I know it sounds crazy but with blogs people are more interested in what "you" have to say! Many visitors do not comment their 1st, 2nd, or 3rd time. Some do not comment at all, but are active daily visitors. Tracking your blog does not have to be overly sophisticated usually a simple free page counter like StatCounter.com or Active Meter will do the trick. Install (copy/paste) the code into the html of your blog template and start tracking your visitors. Its better to use a service which gives you advanced traffic analysis, such as keyword tracking information, referral information, and search engine information. Visitors, returning visitors, and unique visitors should be standard for any page counter service you choose. 6) Listen to Your AudienceWhen using the proper page counter you should begin to see how others are finding your blog and if through search engines then which keywords are being used to find your blog. If constantly your blog is being found by 1 or more keywords then focus your blog around those keywords to make it even more powerful. When writing entry titles and entries use the keywords as often as possible while keeping the blog legible and interesting.7) Multiple blogsUse multiple blogging accounts to attract more people. This means you should have a blog with JournalHome.com, Blogger.com, LiveJournal.com, Blog-City.com, tBlogs.com, etc. The more blog accounts the better. You can copy/paste from 1 blog to all others. Having different blog accounts is like having a publication in different newspapers. This enables you to attract more visitors and this also increases the chance that 1 of your blogs will be in the search engine results for your focused keywords.8) Short & Concise Aside from the lengthy article a week for syndication and publication your blog entries should be short & concise (if you can help it). Sometimes there are exceptions to the rule and you have no choice but to blog lengthy entries, but try to avoid this as much as possible. You do not want your blog entries to become hours of reading. Visitors like to easily find information and skim through your entries. It is good to be detailed and provide useful information, but do not include useless information or run away sentences that veer away from your topic.9) Digital ArtTry to include non-advertising graphics, pictures, photos, and art in your blog entries. Not too much. Once a week is fine. Graphics can sometimes bring your blog to life. Of course, the content of the blog is the most important aspect and you do not want to overshadow your content with graphics, but displaying graphics can add a bit of spice to the blog. Be choosy about your graphics and make sure they fit your entry topic. You should add content with the graphic, at least a caption. Original graphics, photos, pictures, and art is recommended.10) Keep it PersonalA blog is most successful when it is kept personal. Try to include personal experiences which relates to the topic of your blog entry. Stay away from the business style of writing. Write with a more personal style and use first-person narratives. Do not write any of your entries as sales letters, instead share product reviews and personal endeavors.11) Interact With Your VisitorsYou now have the traffic you deserve. You should begin interacting with your visitors. Create a regular theme such as: "Monday Money Tip" or "Picture of the Week" which entices your readers to look forward to each week. Give your readers advance notice about a product, service, or topic which you are going to review and then talk about later. If the President was scheduled to give a speech then in your blog you should state that you "will discuss the speech and give your opinion after the speech airs. Comments will be appreciated".Try your best to find exclusive information that not many have. Do not disclose any confidential or secret information which is deemed illegal or can potentially get you into trouble, but try to get the scoop before everyone else does. Such as: If your blog was about Paris Hilton (the socialite) and you had a blog entry about "Paris Hilton Getting Married" then it would be interesting to your readers if you had a actual picture of Paris Hilton engagement ring. Give your best effort to dig and search the internet for exclusive information and you will possibly come up with something useful. Your readers will appreciate this and they show their appreciation through word-of-mouth referrals. Imagine how many readers will tell their friends, family, and others about information they only can find at your blog.12) Make Money Once your blog has gained some real momentum and your blog traffic is increasing then it is time to start thinking about turning your traffic into profit. You should use contextual advertising, like Google Adsense or Chitika. Contextual advertising is usually text links which use the content of your blog to publish targeted ads on your blog. The payout is usually based on a pay-per-click model, meaning for ever click an ad receives you are paid a small percentage of the profits. In addition to contextual advertising it is good to also use graphical advertising such as: BlogAds.com, Amazon.com, MammaMedia, or General Sponsored Advertising.13) You're a ProfessionalYou're a professional now! What are you still doing with that free blog hosting service? It is time to upgrade to a domain hosted solution. You need to get a web host and choose a domain name for your blog then check its availability. Select the blogging software you wish to use, such as: Squarespace.com, WordPress.org, MovableType.org, etc. When you have your new blog domain setup and ready for traffic then it is time for you to announce your move on all your previous blog accounts. Your last entry to the blog should be a "move" announcement. The title should be "Moved" and the blog entry should state something like "Old Blog has been moved to New Blog please follow and bookmark this link for future reference: http://www.YourNewBlogDomainName.com". This way all returning visitors and new readers should not have any problem finding your new blog domain.At the level of a professional blogger you may want to team up with 1 or more other bloggers. This will create a more interesting and more powerful blog. The old saying "two heads is better than one", more authors mean more advertising and exposure because each author will have a vested interest in the blog. The idea of a team blog is to make it profitable and rewarding for all authors, while continuing to target the blog topic and keeping the blog interesting for visitors.Following these blogging techniques should make your blogging experience much more rewarding. There is no guarantee that your blog will become popular or a household name, but the effort should at least put you one step closer. Making money online is not an overnight experience like many may think, but making money online is definitely a foreseeable possibility. As well, growing popularity on the web is not an overnight experience, but through time, dedication, and persistence you will be rewarded with all the royalties of blogging.

7 Ways to Promote your Site with a Bit of Money

2008-07-16T15:39:00.000+02:00

Some time ago I wrote an article titled “Are you marketing your blog?” where I argued that there is a myth around the Internet that bloggers and webmasters should not spend money on advertising. The myth comes in great extent from the success stories of people that managed to create popular websites without spending a dime on advertising or other paid promotion techniques.
The reality is that most of those successful websites were pioneers on their niche, hence why they became popular without spending money on advertising. Now a days the market is crowded and you have thousands of websites and blogs even for small segments. As a consequence paid promotional techniques are becoming an important factor of any successful marketing strategy.
Below you will find 7 ways to promote your website or blog with a bit of money. You can use them to generate raw traffic, improve your search engine rankings, gain visibility on your niche and so on. Despite the initial investment most of those techniques will pay off on the short to medium term. If you are expecting to make money with your website there is no reason to assume that you will not need to spend some as well, right?
1. AdWords: Google make billions of dollars every year from the AdWords-AdSense combo. Why is that? Because they work. Adwords is probably the most efficient method to generated raw traffic for your website. In order to get started you should create an account, add lots (by lots I mean hundreds if not thousands) of keywords that are related your site and set the maximum Pay-per-Click rate at $0.01. After that raise the rate by $0.01 every week or so until you start getting the desired amount of daily clicks. Notice that at lower bids the keywords will be reported as “Inactive for Search”. Do not worry about it, it just means that your ads will not appear on the search network (Google’s search results), but they will appear on the content network (websites of people that use AdSense).
2. Site-Specific AdWords: if you pay attention to the AdSense units you will see that most of them have a link titled “Advertise on this site”. This feature enables AdWords advertisers to create customized ads that will be displayed only on specific websites. Those ads work on a CPM (cost per 1000 impressions) rather than a CPC (cost per click) basis, but they can generate a good amount of very targeted traffic since you will be in control of where the ad will be displayed and of the message. You can get even better results if you use some creativity when designing the ads, click here for some examples.
3. StumbleUpon Ads: StumbleUpon is a very innovative social bookmarking site that allows users to discover great websites by using a browser toolbar. When the user clicks on “Stumble” he will be delivered a website that people with similar interested rated positively. The user is also able to give positive and negative ratings to any website that he visits on the Internet. StumbleUpon also offers advertising campaigns, called StumbleUpon Ads, where you can deliver your website directly to those “Stumblers”. It costs $0.05 per page delivered, but since the websites that appear on StumbleUpon usually have a high quality it is very likely that part of that paid traffic will convert into regular readers.
4. Text Link Ads: if you are trying to increase your search engine rankings to leverage organic traffic you should consider buying some text link ads. While those text links can also generate direct traffic the biggest benefit you will have is an improvement on your search rankings, specially if the links are placed on authoritative and relevant websites. There are several places to buy text links, including specialized companies like Text-Link-Ads and Text Link Brokers or online forums like Digital Point’s market place.
5. Direct Banner Sales: most established websites sell banner ads or sponsorship plans directly. Those advertising deals usually are structured with weekly or monthly fees, regardless of the number of impressions or clicks that you will get. Despite this characteristic a banner placement can represent good value for money because apart from the direct traffic you will also create visibility and brand awareness. Readers of the website where you will display your banner will associate the message on the banner with your site or blog. Should they come across that banner or message two or three times it is very likely that they will get curious and decide to check what the buzz is all about. Another advantage of banner placements is the fact that people will unconsciously think that the author of the website endorses your content or product.
6. Sponsored Reviews: buying some sponsored reviews is a good way to kick-start a website. They will bring backlinks, traffic and RSS subscribers. There are many market studies confirming that “word of mouth” is the most efficient way to capture people’s attention, and that is just what you get with sponsored reviews. You can either pay a low price (sometimes as low as $5 per review) to get a large number of reviews from small sites or you can focus on large players (which can charge several hundreds of dollars for a single review) that are authorities on your niche. The best way to purchase sponsored reviews is through sites like SponsoredReviews.com, ReviewMe or PayPerPost.com.
7. Blog Networks: there are several blog networks founded around a traffic exchange principle. Basically you create an account for you blog and you earn credits by surfing other members’ blogs. Afterwards you can use those credits to make people visit your blog or to display your banners around the network. The interesting part is that most of those blog networks allow users to purchase credits with money, and the price is really convenient. You should be able receive hundreds of visitors or to get thousands of banner impressions for less than 10 dollars. Some blog networks that sell credits include Blog Explosion, Blog Soldiers and Blog Advance.

दिअबेते Cure

2008-07-16T15:22:00.000+02:00

Diabetes is a life-long disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood.
CausesDiabetes can be caused by too little insulin (a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar), resistance to insulin, or both.
To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process of food metabolism. Several things happen when food is digested:
A sugar called glucose enters the bloodstream. Glucose is a source of fuel for the body. An organ called the pancreas makes insulin. The role of insulin is to move glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it can be used as fuel. People with diabetes have high blood sugar. This is because their pancreas does not make enough insulin or their muscle, fat, and liver cells do not respond to insulin normally, or both.
There are three major types of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood. The body makes little or no insulin, and daily injections of insulin are needed to sustain life. Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1 and makes up most of all cases of diabetes. It usually occurs in adulthood. The pancreas does not make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, often because the body does not respond well to the insulin. Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it, although it is a serious condition. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common due to the growing number of older Americans, increasing obesity, and failure to exercise. Gestational diabetes is high blood glucose that develops at any time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have diabetes. Diabetes affects more than 20 million Americans. About 54 million Americans have prediabetes. There are many risk factors for diabetes, including:
A parent, brother, or sister with diabetes Obesity Age greater than 45 years Some ethnic groups (particularly African Americans, Native Americans, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic Americans) Gestational diabetes or delivering a baby weighing more than 9 pounds High blood pressure High blood levels of triglycerides (a type of fat molecule) High blood cholesterol level Not getting enough exercise The American Diabetes Association recommends that all adults over age 45 be screened for diabetes at least every 3 years. A person at high risk should be screened more often.Back to TopSymptomsHigh blood levels of glucose can cause several problems, including frequent urination, excessive thirst, hunger, fatigue, weight loss, and blurry vision. However, because type 2 diabetes develops slowly, some people with high blood sugar experience no symptoms at all.
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes:
Increased thirst Increased urination Weight loss in spite of increased appetite Fatigue Nausea Vomiting Patients with type 1 diabetes usually develop symptoms over a short period of time, and the condition is often diagnosed in an emergency setting.
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes:
Increased thirst Increased urination Increased appetite Fatigue Blurred vision Slow-healing infections Impotence in men Back to TopSigns and TestsA urine analysis may be used to look for glucose and ketones from the breakdown of fat. However, a urine test alone does not diagnose diabetes. The following blood glucose tests are used to diagnose diabetes:
Fasting blood glucose level -- diabetes is diagnosed if higher than 126 mg/dL on two occasions. Levels between 100 and 126 mg/dl are referred to as impaired fasting glucose or pre-diabetes. These levels are considered to be risk factors for type 2 diabetes and its complications. Random (non-fasting) blood glucose level -- diabetes is suspected if higher than 200 mg/dL and accompanied by the classic symptoms of increased thirst, urination, and fatigue. (This test must be confirmed with a fasting blood glucose test.) Oral glucose tolerance test -- diabetes is diagnosed if glucose level is higher than 200 mg/dL after 2 hours (This test is used more for type 2 diabetes.) You should also ask your doctor how often to you need your hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level checked. The HbA1c is a measure of average blood glucose during the previous 2 to 3 months. It is a very helpful way to determine how well treatment is working.
Ketone testing is another test that is used in type 1 diabetes. Ketones are produced by the breakdown of fat and muscle, and they are harmful at high levels. The ketone test is done using a urine sample. High levels of blood ketones may result in a serious condition called ketoacidosis. Ketone testing is usually done at the following times:
When the blood sugar is higher than 240 mg/dL During acute illness (for example, pneumonia, heart attack, or stroke) When nausea or vomiting occur During pregnancy Back to TopTreatmentThere is no cure for diabetes. Treatment involves medicines, diet, and exercise to control blood sugar and prevent symptoms and complications.
LEARN THESE SKILLS
Basic diabetes management skills will help prevent the need for emergency care. These skills include:
How to recognize and treat low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) What to eat and when How to take insulin or oral medication How to test and record blood glucose How to test urine for ketones (type 1 diabetes only) How to adjust insulin or food intake when changing exercise and eating habits How to handle sick days Where to buy diabetes supplies and how to store them After you learn the basics of diabetes care, learn how the disease can cause long-term health problems and the best ways to prevent these problems. People with diabetes need to review and update their knowledge, because new research and improved ways to treat diabetes are constantly being developed.
SELF-TESTING
If you have diabetes, your doctor may tell you to regularly check your blood sugar levels at home. There are a number of devices available, and they use only a drop of blood. Self-monitoring tells you how well diet, medication, and exercise are working together to control your diabetes and can help your doctor prevent complications.
The American Diabetes Association recommends that premeal blood sugar levels fall in the range of 80 to 120 mg/dL and bedtime blood levels fall in the range of 100 to 140 mg/dL. Your doctor may adjust this depending on your circumstances.
WHAT TO EAT
You should work closely with your health care provider to learn how much fat, protein, and carbohydrates you need in your diet. A registered dietician can be very helpful in planning dietary needs.
People with type 1 diabetes should eat at about the same times each day and try to be consistent with the types of food they choose. This helps to prevent blood sugars from becoming extremely high or low.
Persons with type 2 diabetes should follow a well-balanced and low-fat diet.
HOW TO TAKE MEDICATION
Medications to treat diabetes include insulin and glucose-lowering pills called oral hypoglycemic drugs.
Persons with type 1 diabetes cannot make their own insulin, so daily insulin injections are needed. Insulin does not come in pill form. Injections that are generally needed one to four times per day. Some people use an insulin pump, which is worn at all times and delivers a steady flow of insulin throughout the day. Other people may use a new type of inhaled insulin.
Insulin preparations differ in how quickly they start to work and how long they remain active. Sometimes different types of insulin are mixed together in a single injection. The types of insulin to use, the doses needed, and the number of daily injections are chosen by a health care professional trained to provide diabetes care.
People who need insulin are taught to give themselves injections by their health care providers or diabetes educators.
Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes may respond to treatment with exercise, diet, and medicines taken by mouth. There are several types of medicines used to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes. They fall into one of three groups:
Medications called oral sulfonylureas that increase insulin production by the pancreas. Medications called thiazolidinediones that help increase the cell's sensitivity (responsiveness) to insulin. Medications that delay absorption of glucose from the gut. These include acarbose and miglitol. There are some injectable medicines used to lower blood sugar. They include exenatide and pramlintide.
Most persons with type 2 diabetes will need more than one medication for good blood sugar control within 3 years of starting their first medication. Different groups of medications may be combined or used with insulin.
Some people with type 2 diabetes find they no longer need medication if they lose weight and increase activity, because when their ideal weight is reached, their own insulin and a careful diet can control their blood glucose levels.
It is unknown if hypoglycemic medicines taken by mouth are safe for use in pregnancy. Women who have type 2 diabetes and take these medications may be switched to insulin during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.
Gestational diabetes is treated with insulin and changes in diet.
EXERCISE
Regular exercise is especially important for people with diabetes. It helps with blood sugar control, weight loss, and high blood pressure. People with diabetes who exercise are less likely to experience a heart attack or stroke than diabetics who do not exercise regularly. You should be evaluated by your physician before starting an exercise program.
Here are some exercise considerations:
Choose an enjoyable physical activity that is appropriate for your current fitness level. Exercise every day, and at the same time of day, if possible. Monitor blood glucose levels before and after exercise. Carry food that contains a fast-acting carbohydrate in case you become hypoglycemic during or after exercise. Carry a diabetes identification card and a mobile phone or change for a payphone in case of emergency. Drink extra fluids that do not contain sugar before, during, and after exercise. Changes in exercise intensity or duration may need changes in diet or medication dose to keep blood sugar levels from going too high or low.
FOOT CARE
People with diabetes are prone to foot problems because of the likelihood of damage to blood vessels and nerves and a decreased ability to fight infection. Problems with blood flow and damage to nerves may cause an injury to the foot to go unnoticed until infection develops. Death of skin and other tissue can occur.
If left untreated, the affected foot may need to be amputated. Diabetes is the most common condition leading to amputations.
To prevent injury to the feet, people with diabetes should adopt a daily routine of checking and caring for the feet as follows:
Check your feet every day, and report sores or changes and signs of infection. Wash your feet every day with lukewarm water and mild soap, and dry them thoroughly. Soften dry skin with lotion or petroleum jelly. Protect feet with comfortable, well-fitting shoes. Exercise daily to promote good circulation. See a podiatrist for foot problems or to have corns or calluses removed. Remove shoes and socks during a visit to your health care provider and remind him or her to examine your feet. Stop smoking, which hinders blood flow to the

Management Consulting

2008-07-13T01:00:00.000+02:00

Management consulting refers to both the industry, and the practice of, helping organizations improve their performance, primarily through the analysis of existing business problems and development of plans for improvement. Organizations hire the services of management consultants for a number of reasons, including, for example, to gain external and presumably more objective advice and recommendations, to gain access to the consultants' specialized expertise, or simply as temporary help during a one-time project, where the hiring of permanent employees is not required. Because of their exposure to and relationships with numerous organizations, consultancies are also said to be aware of industry 'best practices,' although the transferability of such practices from one organization to another is the subject of debate. Consultancies may also provide organizational change management assistance, development of coaching skills, technology implementation, strategy development, or operational improvement services. Management consultants generally bring their own, proprietary methodologies or frameworks to guide the identification of problems, and to serve as the basis for recommendations for more effective or efficient ways of performing business tasks.
Management consulting refers generally to the provision of business consulting services, but there are numerous specializations, such as information technology consulting, human resource consulting, and others, many of which overlap, and most of which are offered by the large diversified consultancies listed below. So-called 'boutique' consultancies, however, are smaller organizations specializing in one or a few of such specializations.
Management Consulting is becoming more prevalent in non-business related fields as well. As the need for professional and specialized advice grows, other industries such as government, quasi-government and not-for-profit agencies are turning to the same managerial principles that have helped the private sector for years.
One important and recent change in the industry has been the spin-off or separation of the consulting and the accounting units of the large diversified firms. For these firms, which began business as accounting firms, management consulting was a new extension to their business. But precipitated by a number of highly publicized scandals over accounting practices, such as the Enron scandal, accountancies began divestiture of their management consulting units, to more easily comply with tighter regulatory scrutiny that arose in the wake of the scandals.
Contents 1 History 2 Current state of the industry 3 Government consultants 3.1 United Kingdom 4 Rise of internal corporate consulting groups 5 Approaches 6 Criticism
HistoryManagement consulting grew with the rise of management as a unique field of study. The first management consulting firm was Arthur D. Little, founded in 1886 by the MIT professor of the same name.[citation needed] Though Arthur D. Little later became a general management consultancy, it originally specialized in technical research. Booz Allen Hamilton was founded by Edwin G. Booz, a graduate of the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, in 1914 as a management consultancy and the first to serve both industry and government clients.
After World War II, a number of new management consulting firms formed, most notably Proudfoot Consulting, founded in 1946 by Alexander Proudfoot, which implemented sustainable operational improvements within it's clients, and Boston Consulting Group, founded in 1963, which brought a rigorous analytical approach to the study of management and strategy. Work done at Booz Allen, McKinsey, BCG, and the Harvard Business School during the 1960s and 70s developed the tools and approaches that would define the new field of strategic management, setting the groundwork for many consulting firms to follow. In 1983, Harvard Business School's influence on the industry continued with the founding of Monitor Group by six professors.
One of the reasons why management consulting grew first in the USA is because of deep cultural factors: it was accepted there, (contrary to say, Europe), that management and boards alike might not be competent in all circumstances; therefore, buying external competency was seen as a normal way to solve a business problem. This is referred to as a "contractual" relation to management. By contrast, in Europe, management is connected with emotional and cultural dimensions, where the manager is bound to be competent at all times. This is referred to as the "pater familias" pattern. Therefore seeking (and paying for) external advice was seen as inappropriate. However, it is sometimes argued that in those days the average level of education of the executives was significantly lower in the USA than in Europe, where managers were Grandes Ecoles graduates (France) or "Doktor" (Germany), though this is very difficult to quantify given the vastly differing management structures in American and European businesses.
It was only after World War II, in the wake of the development of the international trade led by the USA, that management consulting emerged in Europe. The current trend in the market is a clear segmentation of management consulting firms.[citation needed]
Another branch of management consulting is Human Resource consulting. Such firms provide advice to their clients regarding the financial and retirement security, health, productivity, and employment relationships of their global workforce.
Current state of the industryManagement consulting has grown quickly, with growth rates of the industry exceeding 20% in the 1980s and 1990s. As a business service, consulting remains highly cyclical and linked to overall economic conditions. The consulting industry shrank during the 2001-2003 period, but has been experiencing slowly increasing growth since. In 2007, total global revenues for management consulting are expected to exceed the $300 billion mark.[citation needed]
Currently, there are four main types of consulting firms. First, there are large, diversified organizations that offer a range of services, including information technology consulting, in addition to a strategy consulting practice. Second, are the medium-sized information technology consultancies, that blend boutique style with some of the same services and technologies bigger players offer their clients. Third, are the large management and strategic consulting specialists that offer primarily strategy consulting but are not specialized in any specific industry. Finally, there are boutique firms, often quite small, which have focused areas of consulting expertise in specific industries or technologies. For instance, Roland Berger is well-known in Europe for its skills in downsizing and cost-killing. Most of the boutiques were founded by famous business theorists.
A fifth type of global consulting firm is emerging. Sourcing Advisory services deal with choices between insourcing and outsourcing, vendor selection, and contract negotiations. The top 10 sourcing advisors (as ranked by the Black Book of Outsourcing) were Alsbridge, TPI, EquaTerra, NeoIT, Pace Harmon, PA Consulting, RampRate, Deloitte, Gartner, and Everest.[1] Although a fast growing sector, the largest sourcing advisory practices would likely be classified as boutiques when considering the management consulting industry as a whole - with one of the largest players, TPI, for example, citing 2006 revenues of less than US$150M during its acquisition by ISG.[2]
Government consultantsThe use of management consulting in governments has increased significantly in recent times.
United KingdomSince from 1997 to 2006, New Labour have spent £20 billion for management consultants and at least another £50 billion for IT systems, up significantly from the £500 million a year spent by the previous Conservative government.[3] From 2003–2006 spending on consultants has risen by a third, from £2.1 billion in 2003–04 to £2.8 billion in 2005–06, largely due to increases in spending by the National Health Service. In the past three years £7.2 billion has been spent on consultancy services from large consultancy firms.[4]
Rise of internal corporate consulting groupsAdded to these approaches are corporations that set up their own internal consulting groups, hiring internal management consultants either from within the corporation or from external firms employees. Many of corporations have internal groups of as many as 25 to 30 full-time consultants.
Internal consulting groups are often formed around a number of practice areas, commonly including: organizational development, process management, information technology, design services, training, and development.
There are several potential problems facing internal consultants, and those who employ them: - The internal consultant may not bring the objectivity to the consulting relationship that an external firm can.
-An internal consultant also may not bring to the table best practices from other corporations. A way to mitigate this issue is to recruit experience into the group and/or proactively provide diverse training to internal consultants. -Where the consulting industry is strong and consulting compensation high, it can be difficult to recruit candidates. -It is often difficult to accurately measure the true costs and benefits of an internal consulting group. -When financial times get tough, internal Consulting groups who have not effectively demonstrated economic value (costs vs. benefits) are likely to face size reductions or reassignment.
There are several potential benefits of internal consultants to those who employ them: -If properly managed and empowered, internal consulting groups evaluate engagement on projects in light of the corporation strategic and tactical objectives.
-Often, the internal consultant has less ramp up time on a project due to familiarity with the corporation, and is able to guide a project through to implementation—-a step that would be too costly if an external consultant were used. -Internal relationship provides opportunities to keep certain corporate information private. -It is likely that the time and materials cost of internal consultants is significantly less that external consultants operating in the same capacity.
Note: Corporations need to be conscious of and consistent with how internal consultant costs are accounted for on both a project and organizational level to evaluate cost effectiveness.
-Internal consultants are often uniquely suited to lead external consulting project teams or act as organizational SMEs ‘embedded’ with external consulting teams under the direction of organizational management. As a group internal consultants can closely work with, and monitor, external consulting firm delivery, quality, and overall operating relationship.
External firms providing consulting services have a dichotomy in priority. The health of the external firm is in aggregate more important that the health of the client organization. (client objectives are ultimately secondary to that of the strategic goals of the external firm)
Again assuming proper management, internal consulting groups are less likely have a dichotomy in priority. The health of the client organization is in aggregate more important that the health of the internal consulting group. (Put the company objectives first)
ApproachesIn general, various approaches to consulting can be thought of as lying somewhere along a continuum, with an 'expert' or prescriptive approach at one end, and a facilitative approach at the other. In the expert approach, the consultant takes the role of expert, and provides expert advice or assistance to the client, with, compared to the facilitative approach, less input from, and fewer collaborations with, the client(s). With a facilitative approach, the consultant focuses less on specific or technical expert knowledge, and more on the process of consultation itself. Because of this focus on process, a facilitative approach is also often referred to as 'process consulting,' with Edgar Schein being considered the most well-known practitioner. The consulting firms listed above are closer toward the expert approach of this continuum.
Many consulting firms are organized in a matrix structure, where one 'axis' describes a business function or type of consulting: for example, strategy, operations, technology, process improvement, HR, sales, etc. The second axis is an industry focus: for example, oil and gas, retail, automotive. Together, these form a matrix, with consultants occupying one or more 'cells' in the matrix. For example, one consultant may specialize in operations for the retail industry, and another may focus on process improvement in the downstream oil and gas industry.
CriticismDespite consistently high and growing revenues, management consultancy also consistently attracts a significant amount of criticism, both from clients, and also from management scholars.
Management consultants are often criticized for overuse of buzzwords, reliance on, and propagation of management fads, and a failure to develop plans that are executable by the client. A number of highly critical books about management consulting argue that the mismatch between management consulting advice and the ability of business executives to actually create the change suggested results in substantial damages to existing businesses.
Irreputable consulting firms are often accused of delivering empty promises, despite high fees. They are often charged with “stating the obvious” and lacking the experience on which to base their advice. These consultants bring few innovations, and instead offer generic and "prepackaged" strategies and plans that are irrelevant to the client’s particular issue. They may fail to prioritize their responsibilities, placing their own firm’s interests before the clients'. [5]
Further criticisms include: analysis reports only, junior consultants charging senior rates, reselling similar reports to multiple clients as "custom work", lack of innovation, overbilling for days not worked, speed at the cost of quality, unresponsive large firms & lack of (small) client focus, lack of clarity of deliverables in contracts, and more.

Digital photography

2008-07-12T23:07:00.002+02:00

This article needs additional citations for verification.Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2007) 10 MP Nikon D200 and a Nikon film scanner The Canon EOS 350D The Canon PowerShot A95Digital photography is a form of photography that utilizes digital technology to make digital images of subjects. Until the advent of digital technology, photography used photographic film to create images which could be made visible by photographic processing. Digital images can be displayed, printed, stored, manipulated, transmitted, and archived using digital and computer techniques, without chemical processing.
Digital photography is one of several forms of digital imaging. Digital images are also created by non-photographic equipment such as computer tomography scanners and radio telescopes. Digital images can also be made by scanning conventional photographic images.
Contents 1 History 2 Sensors and storage 3 Multifunctionality and connectivity 4 Performance metrics 4.1 Pixel counts 4.2 Resolution 5 Dynamic range 6 Applications and considerations 7 Sensor size and angle of view 8 Storage 9 Digital camera backs 10 Comparison with film photography 10.1 Advantages of consumer digital cameras 10.2 Advantages of professional digital cameras 10.3 Disadvantages of digital cameras 10.4 Equivalent features 10.5 A comparison of frame aspect ratios 11 Market impact 12 Social impact 13 Recent research and innovation

HistoryMain article: Digital camera#History Please help improve this section by expanding it.Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.

Sensors and storageSensors read the intensity of light as filtered through different color filters, and digital memory devices store the digital image information, either as RGB color space or as raw data.
There are two main types of sensors:
charge-coupled device (CCD) – photocharge is shifted to a central charge-to-voltage converter CMOS sensors ("Active pixel sensor") Nearly all digital cameras now use built in and/or removable solid state flash memory. Digital camcorders that double as a digital still camera use flash memory, discs and internal hard disks. For a time floppy disks and mini-CDs were used in early digital cameras such as the Sony Mavica range.
Multifunctionality and connectivityExcept for some linear array type of cameras at the highest-end and simple web cams at the lowest-end, a digital memory device (usually flash memory; floppy disks and CD-RWs are less common) is usually used for storing images, which may then be transferred to a computer later.
Digital cameras can take pictures, and may also record sound and video. Some can be used as webcams, some can use the PictBridge standard to connect to a printer without using a computer, and some can display pictures directly on a television set. Similarly, many camcorders can take still photographs, and store them on videotape or on flash memorycards with the same functionality as Digital Cameras.
Performance metricsThe quality of a digital image is the sum of various factors, many of which are similar to film cameras. Pixel count (typically listed in megapixels, millions of pixels) is only one of the major factors, though it is the most heavily marketed. Pixel count metrics were created by the marketing organizations of digital camera manufacturers because consumers can use it to easily compare camera capabilities. It is not, however, the major factor in evaluating a digital camera. The processing system inside the camera that turns the raw data into a color-balanced and pleasing photograph is the most critical, which is why some 4+ megapixel cameras perform better than higher-end cameras.
Lens quality: resolution, distortion, dispersion (see Lens (optics)) Capture medium: CMOS, CCD, Negative film, Reversal Film etc. Capture format: pixel count, digital file type (RAW, TIFF, JPEG), film format (135 film, 120 film, 5x4, 10x8). Processing: digital and / or chemical processing of 'negative' and 'print'.
Pixel countsThe number of pixels n for a given maximum resolution (w horizontal pixels by h vertical pixels) is the product n = w × h. This yields e. g. 1.92 megapixels (1,920,000 pixels) for an image of 1600 × 1200. The majority of compact (not SLR) digital cameras have a 4:3 aspect ratio, i.e. w/h = 4/3. [1]. According to Digital Photography Review, the 4:3 ratio is because "computer monitors are 4:3 ratio, old CCD's always had a 4:3 ratio, and thus digital cameras inherited this aspect ratio."[1]
The pixel count quoted by manufacturers can be misleading as it may not be the number of full-colour pixels. For cameras using single-chip image sensors the number claimed is the total number of single-colour-sensitive photosensors, whether they have different locations in the plane, as with the Bayer sensor, or in stacks of three co-located photosensors as in the Foveon X3 sensor. However, the images will have different numbers of RGB pixels: the Bayer-sensor cameras produce as many RGB pixels as photosensors via demosaicing (interpolation), while the cameras with Foveon sensors produce uninterpolated image files with one-third as many RGB pixels as photosensors. It is difficult to compare the resolutions based on the megapixel ratings of these two types of sensors, and therefore sometimes subject of dispute.
ResolutionResolution provides an indication of the amount of detail that is captured, but, like the other metrics, resolution is just another factor out of many in determining the quality of an image. Furthermore, different methods of creating an image make it impossible to compare the resolutions of cameras simply based on the number of pixels produced by the image sensor. For example, the Sigma SD14 camera uses Foveon technology, which is quite different from most other digital cameras. It claims to be a 14 megapixel camera, but is generally considered to have detail-capturing capabilities roughly equivalent to 9 megapixels in terms of Bayer sensors. [2]
The relative increase in detail resulting from an increase in resolution is better compared by looking at the number of pixels across (or down) the picture, rather than the total number of pixels in the picture area. For example, a sensor of 2560 × 1600 sensor elements is described as "4 megapixels" (2560 × 1600 = 4,096,000). Increasing to 3200 × 2048 increases the pixels in the picture to 6,553,600 (6.5 megapixels), a factor of 1.6, but the pixels per cm in the picture (at the same image size) increases by only 1.25 times. A measure of the comparative increase in linear resolution is the square root of the increase in area resolution, i.e., megapixels in the entire image.
Resolution in pixels is not the only measure of image quality; a larger sensor with the same number of pixels will generally produce a better image than a smaller one. One of the most important differences is an improvement in image noise. This is one of the advantages of digital SLR cameras, which have larger sensors than simpler cameras of the same resolution.
Dynamic rangePractical imaging systems, digital and film, have a limited dynamic range which can be reproduced accurately. Highlights of the subject which are too bright will be rendered as white, with no detail; shadows which are too dark will be rendered as black. The loss of detail is not abrupt with film, or in dark shadows with digital sensors: some detail is retained as brightness moves out of the dynamic range. "Highlight burn-out" of digital sensors, however, can be abrupt, and highlight detail may be lost. And as the sensor elements for different colors saturate in turn, there can be gross hue or saturation shift in burnt-out highlights.
Some digital cameras can show these blown highlights in the image review, allowing the photographer to re-shoot the picture with a modified exposure. Others compensate for the total contrast of a scene by selectively exposing darker pixels longer. A third technique is used by Fujifilm in its FinePix S3 Pro digital SLR. The image sensor contains additional photodiodes of lower sensitivity than the main ones; these retain detail in parts of the image too bright for the main sensor.
High dynamic range imaging (HDR) addresses this issue by increasing the dynamic range of images by either
increasing the dynamic range of the image sensor or by using exposure bracketing and post-processing the separate images to create a single image with a higher dynamic range. HDR images curtail burn-outs and black-outs.
Applications and considerationsWith the acceptable image quality and the other advantages of digital photography (particularly the time pressures of vital importance to daily newspapers) the majority of professional news photographers have begun capturing their images with digital cameras.
Digital photography has also been adopted by many amateur snapshot photographers, who take advantage of the convenience of the form when sending images by email, placing them on the World Wide Web, or displaying them in digital picture frames. Digital cameras have also been integrated into many cell phones, although, because of the small, poor quality lenses and sensors in most of these phones, the quality of these pictures makes them unsuitable for making even moderate size prints.
Some commercial photographers, and some amateurs interested in artistic photography, have been resistant to using digital rather than film cameras because they believe that the image quality available from a digital camera is still inferior to that available from a film camera, and the quality of images taken on medium format film is near-impossible to match at any price with a digital camera. Some have expressed a concern that changing computer technology may make digital photographs inaccessible in the future. A related concern in a specialized application is the use of digital photographs in court proceedings, with the added difficulty of demonstrating an image's authenticity. Some high-end film can also still be projected for viewing at a much higher optical resolution than even the best digital projectors.
Other commercial photographers, and many amateurs, have enthusiastically embraced digital photography because they believe that its flexibility and lower long-term costs outweigh its initial price disadvantages. Almost all of the cost of digital photography is capital cost, meaning that the cost is for the equipment needed to store and copy the images, and once purchased requires virtually no further expense outlay. Film photography requires continuous expenditure of funds for supplies and developing, although the equipment itself does not outdate so quickly and has a longer service life. Some commercial photographers have also begun moving to digital technology because of the tremendous editing capabilities now offered on computers. The photographer is able to color-balance and manipulate the image in ways that traditional darkroom techniques cannot offer, although film users can utilize the same technology with a film scanner. With fully color-balanced systems from the camera to the monitor to the printer, the photographer can now print what is actually seen on the screen.
However, digital cameras require batteries that need to be recharged or replaced frequently, and this means that a photographer needs access to electrical outlets. Digital cameras also tend to be much more sensitive to moisture and extreme cold. For this reason, photographers who work in remote areas may favour film SLR cameras, though many higher-end DSLRs are now equipped with 'weather-proof' bodies. Medium- and large-format film cameras are also still preferred by publications insisting on the very highest detail and resolution, such as Arizona Highways.
Digital photography was used in astronomy long before its use by the general public and had almost completely displaced photographic plates by the early 1980s. Not only are CCDs more sensitive to light than plates, but they have a much more uniform and predictable response, and the information can be downloaded onto a computer for data analysis. The CCDs used in astronomy are similar to those used by the general public, but are generally monochrome and cooled with liquid nitrogen so as to reduce the noise caused by heat. Many astronomical instruments have arrays of many CCDs, sometimes totaling almost a billion pixels. Nowadays amateur astronomers also commonly use digital cameras, including the use of webcams for speckle imaging or "video astronomy".
Sensor size and angle of viewCameras with digital sensors that are smaller than the typical 35mm film size will have a smaller field or angle of view when used with a lens of the same focal length. This is because angle of view is a function of both focal length and the sensor or film size used.
If a sensor smaller than the full-frame 35mm film format is used, such as the use of APS-C-sized digital sensors in DSLRs, then the field of view is cropped by the sensor to smaller than the 35mm full-frame format's field of view. This narrowing of the field of view is often described in terms of a focal length multliplier or crop factor, a factor by which a longer focal length lens would be needed to get the same field of view on a full-frame camera.
If the digital sensor has approximately the same resolution (effective pixels per unit area) as the 35mm film surface (24 x 36 mm), then the result is similar to taking the image from the film camera and cutting it down (cropping) to the size of the sensor. For an APS-C size sensor, this would be a reduction to approximately the center 50% of the image. The cheaper, non-SLR models of digital cameras typically use much smaller sensor sizes and the reduction would be greater.
If the digital sensor has a higher or lower density of pixels per unit area than the film equivalent, then the amount of information captured will differ correspondingly. While resolution can be estimated in pixels per unit area, the comparison is complex since most types of digital sensor record only a single colour at each pixel location, and different types of film will have different effective resolutions. There are various trade-offs involved, since larger sensors are more expensive to manufacture and require larger lenses, while sensors with higher numbers of pixels per unit area are likely to suffer higher noise levels.
For these reasons, it is possible to obtain cheap digital cameras with sensor sizes much smaller than 35mm film, but with high pixel counts, that can still produce high-resolution images. Such cameras are usually supplied with lenses that would be classed as extremely wide angle on a 35mm camera, and which can also be smaller size and less expensive, since there is a smaller sensor to illuminate. For example, a camera with a 1/1.8" sensor has a 5.0x field of view crop, and so a hypothetical 5-50mm zoom lens will produce images that look similar (again the differences mentioned above are important) to those produced by a 35mm film camera with a 25–250mm lens, while being much more compact than such a lens for a 35mm camera since the imaging circle is much smaller.
This can be useful if extra telephoto reach is desired, as a certain lens on an APS sensor will produce an equivalent image to a significantly longer lens on a 35mm film camera shot at the same distance from the subject, the equivalent length of which depends on the camera's field of view crop. This is sometimes referred to as the focal length multiplier, but the focal length is a physical attribute of the lens and not the camera system itself. The downside to this is that wide angle photography is made somewhat more difficult, as the smaller sensor effectively and undesirably reduces the captured field of view. Some methods of compensating for this or otherwise producing much wider digital photographs involve using a fisheye lens and "defishing" the image in post processing to simulate a rectilinear wide angle lens.
Full-frame digital SLRs, that is, those with sensor size matching a frame of 35mm film, include Canon 1DS, 1DS II, and 5D, Kodak Pro DCS-14n, and Contax N Digital. There are very few digital cameras with sensors that can approach the resolution of larger-format film cameras, with the possible exception of the Mamiya ZD (22MP) and the Hasselblad H3D series of DSLRs (22 to 39 MP).
Common values for field of view crop in DSLRs include 1.3x for some Canon sensors, 1.5x for Sony APS-C sensors used by Nikon, Pentax and Konica Minolta and for Fujifilm sensors, 1.6 (APS-C) for most Canon sensors, ~1.7x for Sigma's Foveon sensors and 2x for Kodak and Panasonic 4/3" sensors currently used by Olympus and Panasonic. Crop factors for non-SLR consumer compact and bridge cameras are larger, frequently 4x or more.
Drawing showing the relative sizes of sensors used in most current digital cameras.Table of sensor sizes [3] Type Width (mm) Height (mm) Size (mm²) 1/3.6" 4.00 3.00 12.0 1/3.2" 4.54 3.42 15.5 1/3" 4.80 3.60 17.3 1/2.7" 5.37 4.04 21.7 1/2.5" 5.76 4.29 24.7 1/2" 6.40 4.80 30.7 1/1.8" 7.18 5.32 38.2 1/1.7" 7.60 5.70 43.3 2/3" 8.80 6.60 58.1 1" 12.8 9.6 123 4/3" 18.0 13.5 243 APS-C 25.1 16.7 419 35 mm 36 24 864 Back 48 36 1728
StorageMain article: Digital camera#StorageStorage for digital cameras have increased in size and technology with the time. From magnetic tape (Steven Sasson's 1975 prototype) to floppy disks to flash memory.
Digital camera backsMain article: digital camera backMost digital cameras are built to operate as a self-contained unit. This is especially so at the lower-end, for these cameras usually include zoom lens and flashes that cannot be changed. However, at the highest-end, some digital cameras are nothing but a sophisticated light-sensing unit. Experienced photographers attach these digital "camera backs" to their professional medium format SLR cameras, such as a Mamiya.
Area array CCD CMOS Linear array CCD (monochrome) 3-strip CCD with color filters Linear array cameras are also called scan backs.
Single-shot Multi-shot (three-shot, usually) Scanning and multi-shot camera backs are usually used only in studios to take pictures of still objects. Most earlier digital camera backs used linear array sensors which could take seconds or even minutes for a complete high-resolution scan. The linear array sensor acts like its counterpart in a flatbed image scanner by moving vertically to digitize the image.
Many early such cameras could only capture grayscale images. To take a color picture, it required three separate scans done with a rotating colored filter. These are called multi-shot backs. Some other camera backs use CCD arrays similar to typical cameras. These are called single-shot backs.
Since it is much easier to manufacture a high-quality linear CCD array with only thousands of pixels than a CCD matrix with millions, very high resolution linear CCD camera backs were available much earlier than their CCD matrix counterparts. For example, you could buy an (albeit expensive) camera back with over 7,000 pixel horizontal resolution in the mid-1990s. However, as of 2004, it is still difficult to buy a comparable CCD matrix camera of the same resolution. Rotating line cameras, with about 10,000 color pixels in its sensor line, are able, as of 2005, to capture about 120,000 lines during one full 360 degree rotation, thereby creating a single digital image of 1,200 Megapixels.
Most modern digital camera backs use very large CCD matrices. This eliminates the need for scanning. For example, Phase One produces a 39 million pixel digital camera back with a 49.1 x 36.8 mm CCD in 2008. This CCD array is a little smaller than a frame of 120 film and much larger than a 35 mm frame (36 x 24 mm). In comparison, a consumer digital camera usually uses a much smaller 1/2.5 inch or 7.176 x 5.329 mm (~ 1/1.8 inch) CCD sensor. Further, the 1/2.5 or 1/1.8 inch diagonal measurement is the size of the entire CCD chip- the actual photo-sensitive area is much smaller.
At present, there are relatively few complete digital SLR cameras with sensors large enough to compete with medium to large format film cameras. Phase One and Mamiya manufacture medium format digital devices that can capture 16MP up to 39MP[4]. The units tend to be quite large and expensive, but offer vastly higher . Additionally, because of their high build quality and lack of moving parts tend to be quite long lasting and are prominent on the used market [5].
Comparison with film photographyMain article: Digital versus film photography
Advantages of consumer digital camerasThe advantages of digital photography over traditional film include:
Instant review of pictures, with no wait for the film to be developed: if there's a problem with a picture, the photographer can immediately correct the problem and take another picture Minimal ongoing costs for those wishing to capture hundreds of photographs for digital uses, such as computer storage and e-mailing, but not printing If one already owns a newer computer, permanent storage on digital media is considerably cheaper than film Photos may be copied from one digital medium to another without any degradation Pictures do not need to be scanned before viewing them on a computer Ability to print photos using a computer and consumer-grade printer Ability to embed metadata within the image file, such as the time and date of the photograph, model of the camera, shutter speed, flash use, and other similar items, to aid in the reviewing and sorting of photographs. Film cameras have limited ability to handle metadata, though many film cameras can "imprint" a date over a picture by exposing the film to an internal LED array (or other device) which displays the date. Ability to capture and store hundreds of photographs on the same media device within the digital camera; by contrast, a film camera would require regular changing of film (typically after every 24 or 36 shots) Many digital cameras now include an AV-out connector (and cable) to allow the reviewing of photographs to an audience using a television Anti-shake functionality (increasingly common in inexpensive cameras) allow taking sharper hand-held pictures where previously a tripod was required Ability to change ISO speed settings more conveniently in the middle of shooting, for example when the weather changes from bright sunlight to cloudy. In film photography, film must be unloaded and new film with desired ISO speed loaded. Smaller sensor format, compared to 35mm film frame, allows for smaller lenses, wider zoom ranges, and greater depth of field. Ability to use the same device to capture video as well as still images. Ability to convert the same photo from color to sepia to black & white
Advantages of professional digital cameras The Golden Gate Bridge retouched for painterly light effectsImmediate image review and deletion is possible; lighting and composition can be assessed immediately, which ultimately conserves storage space. The ability to shoot in a raw image format, containing data directly from the sensor. However, as of this writing, there are a number of proprietary RAW formats, some of which require specific software to manipulate. Faster workflow: Management (colour and file), manipulation and printing tools are more versatile than conventional film processes. However, batch processing of RAW files can be time consuming, even on a fast computer. Digital manipulation: A digital image can be modified and manipulated much easier and faster than with traditional negative and print methods. The digital image to the right was captured in RAW format, processed and output in 3 different ways from the source RAW file, then merged and further processed for color saturation and other special effects to produce a more dramatic result than was originally captured with the RAW image. Recent manufacturers such as Nikon and Canon have promoted the adoption of digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLRs) by photojournalists. Images captured at 2+ megapixels are deemed to be of sufficient quality for small images in newspaper or magazine reproduction. Six to 14 megapixel images, found in modern digital SLRs, when combined with high-end lenses, can approximate the detail of film prints taken with 35 mm film based SLRs, and the latest 16 megapixel models can produce astoundingly detailed images which are believed to be better than 35mm film images and the majority of medium format cameras.[6]
Disadvantages of digital camerasDependence upon spare batteries which are heavy to carry and whose lack makes equipment unusable. Batteries used by some film cameras are smaller and not drained as quickly. Many digital sensors have less dynamic range than color print film. However, some newer CCDs such as Fuji's Super CCD, which combines diodes of different sensitivity, have improved this issue. When highlights burn out, they burn to white without details, while film cameras retain a reduced level of detail, as discussed above. High ISO image noise manifests as multicolored speckles in digital images, rather than the less-objectionable "grain" of high-ISO film. While this speckling can be removed by noise-reduction software, either in-camera or on a computer, this can have a detrimental effect on image quality as fine detail may be lost in the process. For most consumers in prosperous countries such as the United States and Western Europe, the advantages of digital cameras outweigh their disadvantages. However, many professional photographers continue to prefer film. Much of the post-shooting work done by a photo lab for film is done by the photographer himself for digital images. Concerns that have been raised by professional photographers include: editing and post-processing of RAW files can take longer than 35mm film, downloading a large number of images to a computer can be time-consuming, shooting in remote sites requires the photographer to carry a number of batteries and add to the load to carry, equipment failure—while all cameras may fail, some film camera problems (e.g., meter or rangefinder problems, failure of only some shutter speeds) can be worked around. As time passes, it is expected that more professional photographers will switch to digital.
In some cases where very high-resolution digital images of good quality are needed it may be advantageous to take large-format film photographs and digitise them. This allows the creation of very large computer files without speed or capacity disadvantages at picture-taking time. This is discussed in detail in an article with the provocative title A 100 MP Digital Camera System for Under $2,000.
Equivalent featuresImage noise / grain Noise in a digital camera's image is remarkably similar to film grain in a film camera. At high ISO levels (film speed) the grain/noise becomes more apparent in the final image. Although film ISO levels can be lower than digital ISO levels (25 and 50 respectively), digital settings can be changed quickly according to requirements, while film must be physically replaced and protected from all light during such replacement. Additionally, image noise reduction techniques can be used to remove noise from digital images and film grain is fixed. From an artistic point of view, film grain and image noise may be desirable when creating a specific mood for an image. Modern digital cameras have comparable noise/grain at the same ISO as film cameras. Some digital cameras though, do exhibit a pattern in the digital noise which is not found on film.
Speed of use Previously digital cameras had a longer start-up delay compared to film cameras, i.e., the delay from when they are turned on until they are ready to take the first shot, but this is no longer the case for modern digital cameras. Similarly, the amount of time needed to write the data for a digital picture to the memory card is now comparable to the amount of time it takes to wind the film on a film camera, at least with modern digital cameras and modern fast memory cards. Both digital cameras and film cameras have a small delay between when the shutter button is pressed and when the picture is taken – this is the time necessary to autofocus the lens and compute and set the exposure. (This shutter delay is practically zero for SLR and DSLR cameras.)
Frame rate The Canon EOS-1D Mark III can take still photographs at 10 frames per second; the fastest film SLR could shoot 10 frames per second. The Nikon F5 is limited to 36 continuous frames (the length of the film) while the Canon EOS-1D Mark III is able to take about 110 high definition JPEG images before its buffer must be cleared and the remaining space on the storage media can be used.
Image longevity Although digital image data does not degrade (film stock can fade), the media on which the digital images are stored can decay or become corrupt, leading to a loss of image integrity. Film should be stored under archival conditions for maximum longevity; this should not be a problem for digital images as perfect copies can be made and stored elsewhere. Without backup it is easier to lose huge amounts of digital data, for example by accidental deletion of folders, or by failure of a mass storage device. In comparison, each generation of copies of film negatives and transparencies is degraded compared to its parent. Film images can easily be converted to digital with some possible loss of quality.
Colour reproduction Colour reproduction (gamut) is dependent on the type and quality of film or sensor used and the quality of the optical system and film processing. Different films and sensors have different color sensitivity; the photographer needs to understand his equipment, the light conditions, and the media used to ensure accurate colour reproduction. Many digital cameras offer RAW format (sensor data) which makes it possible to choose color space in the development stage regardless of camera settings; in effect the scene itself is stored as far as the sensor allows, and can to some extent be "rephotographed" with different color balance, exposure, etc.
A comparison of frame aspect ratiosA typical digital camera's aspect ratio is 1.33 (4:3), the same as today's NTSC or PAL/SECAM TVs or earliest movies. However, a 35 mm picture's aspect ratio is 1.5 (3:2). Several new digital cameras will take photos in either ratio and nearly all digital SLRs take pictures in a 3:2 ratio as they usually use lenses designed for 35 mm film (Olympus and Panasonic digital SLRs are notable exceptions). Some photo labs also offer the option of printing photos on 4:3 ratio paper, as well as the existing 3:2. In 2005 Panasonic launched the first consumer camera with a native aspect ratio of 16:9, matching HDTV. This is similar to a 7:4 aspect ratio, which was a common size for APS film. Different aspect ratios are one of the main reasons consumers have cropping issues when printing digital photos, or film photos as well. Moreover, the majority of digital cameras take an aspect ratio of 4:3 which translates to a size of 4.5" x 6.0". This translates into losing a half an inch when printing on the "standard" size of 4" x 6", an aspect ratio of 3:2. Similar cropping occurs when printing on other sizes as well, i.e., 5"x7", 8"x10", or 11"x14". The easy way to see if the aspect ratio you want will fit is to divide the length and width. If these match then there will be no cropping off the original image. For example, an 8"x12" has the same aspect ratio as a 4"x6" or a 12"x18", because 12 divided by 8 is 1.5, the same aspect ratio as a 4"x6", which is also 1.5.
Market impactIn late 2002, 2 megapixel cameras were available in the United States for less than $100, with some 1 megapixel cameras for under $60. At the same time, many discount stores with photo labs introduced a "digital front end", allowing consumers to obtain true chemical prints (as opposed to ink-jet prints) in an hour. These prices were similar to those of prints made from film negatives. However, because digital images have a different aspect ratio than 35 mm film images, people have started to realize that 4x6 inch prints crop some of the image off the print. Some photofinishers have started offering prints with the same aspect ratio as the digital cameras record.
In July 2003, digital cameras entered the single-use market with the release of the Ritz Dakota Digital, a 1.2 megapixel (1280 x 960) CMOS-based digital camera costing only $11 (USD). Following the familiar single-use concept long in use with film cameras, the Dakota Digital was intended to be used by a consumer one time only. When the pre-programmed 25 picture limit is reached, the camera is returned to the store, and the consumer receives back prints and a CD-ROM with their photos. The camera is then refurbished and resold. Since the introduction of the Dakota Digital, a number of similar single-use digital cameras have appeared. Most of the various single-use digital cameras are nearly identical to the original Dakota Digital regarding specifications and functionality, although a few include superior specifications and more advanced functions (such as higher image resolutions and LCD screens). Most, if not all, of these single-use digital cameras cost less than $20 (USD), not including processing fees. However, the huge demand for complex digital cameras at competitive prices has often resulted in manufacturing shortcuts, evidenced by a large increase in customer complaints over camera malfunctions, high parts prices, and short service life. Some digital cameras offer only a 90-day warranty.
The price of 35mm compact cameras have dropped with manufacturers further outsourcing to countries such as China. Kodak announced in January 2004 that they would no longer sell Kodak-branded film cameras in the developed world.[7] In January 2006, Nikon followed suit and announced that they will stop the production of all but two models of their film cameras, they will continue to produce the low-end Nikon FM10, and the high-end Nikon F6. In the same month, Konica Minolta announced that it was pulling out of the camera business altogether. The price of 35mm and APS compact cameras have dropped, probably due to direct competition from digital and the resulting growth of the offer of second-hand film cameras.[8] Pentax have reduced production of film cameras but not halted it.[9]. The technology has improved so rapidly that one of Kodak's film cameras was discontinued before it was awarded a "camera of the year" award later in the year.
Since 2002, digital cameras have outsold film cameras. However, the use of 35mm cameras is greater in developing countries.[10] In Guatemala, for example, extremely high import duties on all digital products serves to encourage sales and use of film cameras.
The decline in film camera sales has also led to a decline in purchases of film for such cameras. In November 2004, a German division of Agfa-Gevaert, AgfaPhoto, split off. Within six months it filed for bankruptcy . Konica Minolta Photo Imaging, Inc. will end production of Color film and paper worldwide by March 31, 2007. In addition, by 2005, Kodak employed less than a third of the employees that it had twenty years earlier. It is not known if these job losses in the film industry have been offset in the digital image industry.
In addition, digital photography has resulted in some positive market impacts as well. The increasing popularity of products such as digital photo frames and canvas prints is a direct result of the increasing popularity of digital photography.
An example of digital photography. This photo was taken and made into a digital print in less than 5 minutes.Social impactThroughout the history of photography, technological advances in optics, camera production, developing, and imaging have had an effect on the way people view images. Prior to the 1970s, most people in the United States used slide (or "chrome") film and viewed the images with a slide projector. After that, people began to make prints from color negatives. The simultaneous increased use of the Internet and email, relatively cheap computers and digital cameras led to a tremendous increase in the number of photographic images in digital formats.
In the early part of the 21st century, the dominant method of viewing still images has been on computers and, to a lesser extent, on cellular phones (although people still make and look at prints). These factors have led to a decrease in film and film camera sales and film processing, and has had a dramatic effect on companies such as Fuji, Kodak, and Agfa. In addition, many stores that used to offer photofinishing services or sell film no longer do, and those that do have seen a tremendous decline.
Photographic images have always been prone to fading and loss of image quality due to sun exposure or improper storage of film negatives, slides, and prints. Since digital images are stored as data on a computer, the image never loses visual quality, detail, or fidelity as long as the digital media upon which it is stored remains intact. The only way to ruin a digital image is to delete the image file, to corrupt or re-write some of the image file's data, or to damage or destroy the electronic storage media (hard drive, disk, CD-ROM, flash card, etc.) upon which the file resides. As with all computer files, making backups is the most effective way of ensuring that a copy of a digital image can always be recovered.
Of growing concern for both archivists and historians is the relative non-permanence or transitory nature of digital media. Unlike film and print, which are tangible and immediately accessible to a person, storage of digital images is ever-changing with old media and decoding software becoming obsoleted or inaccessible by new technologies. Historians are concerned that we are creating a historical void where information and details about a given decade or era will have been lost within either failed or inaccessible digital media. It is recommended that both professional and amateur users develop strategies for migrating stored digital images from old technologies to new.[11] Scrapbookers who may have used film for creating artistic and personal memoirs may need to modify their approach to digital photobooks in order to personalise them and retain the special qualities of traditional photo albums.
It is likely that film will never again be purchased and used on the scale it was for most of the 20th century. However, it probably will not disappear altogether. At its advent in the early 19th century, many believed photography would supplant the painting of portraits and landscapes. In the same way that acrylic and oil paint are still dominant media in use by artists and hobbyists, it is likely that photographic film and equipment will continue to be an option for enthusiasts. It is also important to note that the differences between film and digital photography are far less significant than the differences between painting and film photography.
Recent research and innovationLighting, optics, sensors, processing, storage, and display, with software weaving them together, are all advancing. Here are a few examples.
3D models can be created from collections of normal images. The resulting scene can be viewed from novel viewpoints, but creating the model is very compute-intensive. Microsoft's Photosynth is available with models of famous places.[12] High Dynamic Range cameras and displays are commercially available. >120 decibel sensors are in development. You can create your own HDR images, with a non-HDR camera, by combining multiple exposures. Motion blur can be dramatically removed by a flutter shutter (a flickering shutter which adds a signature to the blur, which postprocessing can recognize).[13] It is not yet commercially available. An object's specular reflection can be captured using computer controlled lights and sensors. This is needed to create attractive images of oil paintings, for instance. It is not yet commercially available, but is starting to be used by museums. Other areas of progress include enlarged gamut sensors, software, and displays; and computer controlled lighting.
http://www।afternd.blogspot.com

SPYWARE REMOVAL

2008-07-11T00:02:00.000+02:00

WHAT IS SPYWARE?Spyware is any software designed to collect user personal information and send it out through a background Internet connection without the user's knowledge and consent. Spyware silently tracks user's web browsing habits, records visited web sites and logs taken actions. This activity allows spyware vendors to gather data for marketing and advertising purposes.
Spyware form and functionality may vary depending on vendor intentions. However, a particular program that uses an Internet connection to transfer data, which can be used to identify the user, is always classified as spyware.
Some programs mistakenly called spyware actually do not collect any vital information about the user and use a background Internet channel to transfer general statistics. They do not steal your name, contacts or any other details and therefore do not violate your privacy. Lots of legal advertising applications or ad-supported products such as a legitimate web browser Opera fall into this category. Although legal adware programs potentially are able to spy on a user, they shouldn't be accused of privacy violation, as proper use of adware is a legal revenue model for many software companies that allows to distribute complex commercial products for free.
WAYS OF INFECTIONSpyware parasites differ from regular viruses. They do not spread by themselves and usually must be installed as any other software with or without the user’s consent. Some rare pests are able to exploit system security vulnerabilities and act similarly to worms. There are three major ways undesirable spyware program can get into the system.1. Many spyware vendors deceive the user by presenting a particular spyware program as a useful tool, for example, a powerful web search service, fast download manager or reliable Internet accelerator. Users download and install such programs. However, practically all of them appear to be either completely useless or ineffective. Although in most cases users can uninstall such programs, spyware components stay in the system and remain fully functional.2. Lots of free, ad-supported or shareware products are bundled with small add-ons needed by the host program to work properly. These add-ons actually are third-party spyware parasites. Uninstalling the host application not always removes bundled spyware. 3. Most widely spread spyware programs get into the system using Internet Explorer ActiveX controls or exploiting certain web browser vulnerabilities. Their vendors run insecure web sites filled with malicious code or distribute unsafe advertising pop-ups. Whenever the user visits such a site or clicks on such a pop-up, harmful scripts instantly install spyware. The user cannot notice anything suspicious, as parasites do not display any setup wizards, dialogs or warnings.
It is known that some spyware can also be dropped by specific viruses, trojans or worms.
Spyware affects mostly computers running Microsoft Windows operating system.

WHAT SPYWARE DOES?- Steals sensitive personal information, identity details, monitors everything the user does online, tracks web browsing habits and sends all collected data to a remote server.- Serves undesirable advertisements, displays large amount of annoying pop-ups. Such activity is specific to most illegal adware parasites.- Redirects a web browser to advertising sites or commercial Internet search services whenever the user enters an incorrect site address or even without any obvious reasons.- Changes web browser's default start and search pages to advertising sites and prevents the user from restoring initial settings. Such activity is common for all browser hijackers.- Creates numerous links to advertising resources, places desktop shortcuts to third-party spyware sites, adds multiple bookmarks to the web browser's Favorites list.- Modifies essential settings of a web browser, decreases overall system security level by enabling certain web browser's features that allow to quietly run any web scripts or install any software from the Internet.- Connects a compromised computer to the Internet through high-cost phone number without user knowledge. This activity is specific to so called dialers. The system can be affected only if a modem is installed.- Degrades overall system performance and causes software instability. Some parasites are badly programmed, they waste too much computer resources and conflict with installed applications.- Provides no uninstall feature, hides processes, files and other objects in order to obstruct its removal as much as possible.
SPYWARE EXAMPLESThere are thousands of different spyware parasites. The following examples illustrate how treacherous and harmful spyware can be.
CoolWebSearch is the entire family of browser hijackers that all attempt to redirect a web browser to the coolwebsearch.com domain. Most of these threats display advertisements, change web browser's default start and search pages and modify security settings. From the first sight, CoolWebSearch parasites are relatively harmless. However, some variants are able to steal user passwords, bank account details and other identity data. These pests are virtually impossible to remove.
Infamous Gator spyware made the headlines because of its enormous prevalence. Various Gator variants are still bundled with ad-supported software and can get into the system from insecure web sites. Parasites display numerous advertisements and install additional spyware components without user consent. Most of their victims noticed increased frequency of web browser crashes and overall system instability. Practically all Gator variants include parts that stay active even after a user uninstalls the pest.
BonziBuddy spyware is targeted at children. Its description says that the program displays an animated on-screen ape that helps kids to surf the web and use e-mail. However, BonziBuddy also silently installs several additional spyware parasites that not only violate user privacy, but also affect computer’s performance and security.
CONSEQUENCES OF SPYWARE INFECTION
Spyware is not as dangerous as most computer viruses are. It doesn't infect files or destroy the system. But instead it discloses user's priceless personal information to advertisers and even real thieves. Malicious persons use spyware to collect passwords, bank account details or credit card numbers. This information allows them to steal victim's money, use his name, address and other contact data for criminal offences.
Spyware activity gets on user's nerves and even costs money. Not all computer users can easily identify a spyware infection and take required actions immediately. A parasite may stay undetected for months. All this time it will obstruct user’s usual work, download and install third-party risks. Eventually a computer's performance and stability will be greatly reduced and the user will have to take it to professional repairers. There are real examples of depressed users buying new computers, as old ones are totally inoperatable because of numerous spyware parasites installed.
HOW TO REMOVE SPYWARE?As it was said above spyware parasites are not viruses and therefore cannot be removed with the help of regular antivirus products. To remove such pests special anti-spyware tools (spyware removers) should be used. These programs scan the system in similar way as antivirus software. However, they have special parasite signature databases, which allow them to detect and eliminate most spyware and adware threats. Powerful spyware removers include real-time monitors that prevent the installation of known risks and unauthorized system modification. The most effective and popular anti-spyware programs are Spyware Doctor, Microsoft AntiSpyware Beta, Spybot - Search & Destroy, Ad-Aware SE, SpyHunter, eTrust PestPatrol.
In some cases even a spyware remover can fail to get rid of a particular parasite. That is why there are Internet resources such as 2-Spyware.com, which provide manual spyware removal instructions. These instructions allow the user to manually delete all the files, directories, registry entries and other objects that belong to a parasite. However, manual removal requires fair system knowledge and therefore is a quite difficult task for novices.

Starting An Internet Business In As Little As Within Hours With These 9 Proven Secrets

2008-07-02T17:55:00.000+02:00

With the right guidance, an Internet business can start generating income almost immediately. A home internet business can be very successful for people who have the dedication, skills and patience to await agradual increase in business and income. There are several ways how an internet business can be started. However, no matter which internet business is being initiated, it won't make an impact at first. The start up costs for an internet home business are next to nothing compared to the offline world of business start ups. In fact it is a lot more simple to start and grow a business on the internet. Of course you need some knowledge to begin your internet home business enterprise. But you don't need a "Bacc" to do business on the web. All you need is some computer knowledge and some internet marketing basis and a good dose of determination. Here is some basic tips on how to start an internet home business. == 1.Write Your Business Goals == It is important to set goals and objectives and then take action to accomplish them. This will be your Business Plan. Here Are Some questions you should ask yourself: - Why do I want to start up an Internet Home Business? - What product or service can I provide? - Do I have the knowledge and expertise to provide this service? - Do I know enough about the competition? - Where will my customers come from? Take the time to write down your questions and answers and thoroughly research your chosen market. == 2. Choose A Product or Service To Sell == On the internet you can find hundreds of product or services to sell. You can sell your own product by creating your own, or purchasing resale rights or being an affiliate with a good internet company. Don't put your personal gains first. Make sure that the product will deliver what it promises. When you promote a product that leaves the buyer dissatisfied, you' ll only be ruining your business. So sell solutions and the money will come. == 3. Business Domain Name == One important first step is to choose the best domain name you can. Keep it as short and simple as possible. Think of domain name like " Google " or " Yahoo ". They are short and easy to remember. I know that some people say to use keyword in you're domain name. But if you choose " Internet Business " there is million of site with this term. So are you going to use for example "AprofitableInternethomebusiness.com" it might be a nice name but it is too long and not simple. == 4. Your Business Web Site == Having A good business website is essential to succeed with an internet home business. Here is the thing you have to plan to build your website A) Decide on the website design (color schemes, buttons, special effects etc). However, you may have a preference for a certain color or look. To help you choose a design, you may wish to check out other people's websites or work with your web designer's pre-set templates. (b) The content. There are many items you may wish to include on your website. The most common ones include: 1 Products And Services 2. Contact Information 3. Pricing 4. Testimonials 5. Frequently Asked Questions 6. Resources & Articles 7. Refund Policy 8. Privacy Policy 9. About Us 10. Site Map 11. Useful Links 12. On-line store == 5. Choose a Web Hosting Company == What is a Web hosting Company? A Web host is a company that provides server space for your website. You can think of a web host as a commercial building. The web host provides space for your website just as a commercial building provides space for your shop or office. What are some of the things you should look for when choosing a web host? The criteria for choosing a free web host and a commercial web hosting solution are slightly different although they do overlap. A) Web Space Does it have enough space for your needs? If you envisage that you will expand your site eventually, you might want to cater for future expansion. Most sites use less than 5MB of web space. Indeed, at one time, one of my other web sites, thefreecountry.com, used less than 5MB of space although it had about 150 pages on the site. Your needs will vary, depending on how many pictures your pages use, whether you need sound files, video clips, etc. B) Bandwidth allotment Nowadays, many free web hosts impose a limit on the amount of traffic your website can use per day and per month. This means that if the pages (and graphic images) on your site is loaded by visitors beyond a certain number of times per day (or per month), the web host will disable your web site (or perhaps send you a bill). It is difficult to recommend a specific minimum amount of bandwidth, since it depends on how you design your site, your target audience, and the number of visitors you're able to attract to your site. In general, 100MB traffic per month is too little for anything other than your personal home page and 1-3GB traffic per month is usually adequate for a simple site just starting out. Your mileage, however, will vary. C) Reliability and speed of access This is extremely important. A site that is frequently down will lose a lot of visitors. If someone finds your site on the search engine, and he tries to access it but find that it is down, he'll simply go down the list to find another site. Slow access is also very frustrating for visitors (and for you too, when you upload your site). How do you know if a host is reliable or fast? If you can't get feedback from anyone, one way is to try it out yourself over a period of time, both during peak as well as non-peak hours. After all, it is free, so you can always experiment with it. == 6. Shopping Cart == No e-commerce website is complete without a secure shopping cart. There are many shopping cart options. Many e-commerce business owners make the mistake of using Pay Pal to accept payments, which immediately tells visitors that their company is very small and not professional. A good alternative to Pay Pal is a remotely hosted shopping cart. Remote shopping carts take the burden of maintaining security and credit card numbers off your shoulder and places the responsibility on another company. Remote shopping carts can usually be configured to look similar to your website. In fact, your customers may not realize that they have left your website to place an order. The remote shopping cart provider will give you the HTML to add to your website. When your potential customer clicks on the Buy Now button, he or she is taken to the remote shopping cart to enter the personal information and payment details. Depending on your choice of a shopping cart, you may or may not need a merchant account to process transactions. Some shopping cart services allow you to use their merchant accounts for a slightly higher fee. == 7. How To Promote Your Business Website == Write An Article: Write an article promoting your site or product. Write an article on a hot topic many people would like more information on and submit it to various e-zines. How do you find out what's hot? Visit a few of the message boards and see what questions are raised often. Search Engines: Thousands of search engines exist on the Internet. But, you should only be concerned with the top eight or ten. You should manually submit to the top eight: Alta Vista, Excite, Yahoo, Hotbot, Lycos, Northern Light, Infoseek, Webcrawler, and use one of the FREE automatic submission services like *SubmitPlus* to handle the smaller search engines. Directories: List your site here too. Directories organize sites into categories. Good examples of Directories: Yahoo, Magellan. Ezine Listings: If you have an e-zine to promote along with your site. Why not list it with one of the many e-zine services on the Internet. E-zine Library is a good one to start with. Free Classifieds: You will have to submit to a ton of FREE classifieds to get any significant traffic. Why? You are competing with thousands of other Ads. Remember to work on your Ad copy and make it attention grabbing. Go to one of the popular search engines, type in Free Classifieds, and surf to the top 20 classified sites for beginners. Often, these sites will lead you to several other Free Classified Sites. In response you'll get a stack of e-mail thanking you for listing your site while barking their promo. Best to get one of those free email accounts. Hot mail is a good one. So is Yahoo mail. FFA Pages. Free For All's are worth a try. Be prepared for a avalanche of e-mails from FFA web site owners. If your title is attention grabbing you will get a few clicks. Good Attention grabbing headlines, FREE, Limited Time, Limited Offer, Proven, Secrets, and many more if you brainstorm. Check out the sales literature delivered to you by regular mail. Check and see what headlines grab your attention. And why? Incorporate them into your Online Ads. Tell Friends And Family: If your friends, family, acquaintances, have an Internet Connection, e-mail them telling them about your new website, and ask them to visit often. Offer a FREE incentive if they tell a few friends to surf over. Perhaps, a FREE Ad in your e-zine. Leave Business Cards or Flyers: Leave these promo pieces with small businesses in your community. All relevant contact information; email address, URL, telephone number, should be included. Offer a freebie to anyone who visits your site. A free e-book, report. == 8. TRACK YOUR MARKETING == Here are some questions to consider: 1) How many unique visitors come to your website? 2) How many visitors opt-in to your mailing list or order your products? 3) When you send emails, how many are opened and how many people actually click through to your website? The reason these question are so important is because if you don't know these stats, you won't know what to improve. It could be different things; like your headlines, the content or navigation on your website. You won't know until you start checking all your marketing offer. == 9. YOUR BUSINESS IN CONCLUSION == Think of your first six months primarily as a training period. Don't expect large earnings until after you've educated yourself. Even the most dynamic, highest-earning entrepreneurs in the industry took MONTHS to begin seeing an income of any real significance with their internet home business. Don't be a negative thinker and don't let the negative attitudes of others (even if they're family members, friends, or peers) influence you. All the great men and women in history had to overcome the naysayers who said it couldn't be done and then went out and did it. Think for yourself! As long as you think positive and focused on your internet home business target you re on the right way to a rich life, which is directed by you and it will lead you to tremendous success and personnal satisfaction. Building an Internet business can be very rewarding when you start making money online out of the comforts of your own home. If you've always wanted to be self-employed and be your own boss. Then having an internet business will open this up for you. You just need to work on it.

How To Write A Successful Business Plan

2008-07-02T17:49:00.000+02:00

Whether you are planning to start a brand-new business, expand an existing company, or get financing for a business venture, you will need to write a business plan. A business plan not only lends your business a sense of credibility, but also helps you to cover all your bases, increasing your chances of success. Although writing a business plan can be a lengthy, intimidating project, it is not necessarily difficult. Here is an overview of how to write a successful business plan. What to Include in Your Business Plan Your business plan needs to demonstrate that you have thoroughly considered all aspects of running your business. To that end, the standard business plan has nine major sections, covering everything from your business’s mission statement to a detailed financial analysis. Executive Summary The first – and most important – section of your business plan is the executive summary. This section is so important that it should literally be the first thing the reader sees – even before the table of contents! However, it should also be written last, as you’ll have a better understanding of the overall message of your business plan after you’ve researched and written the other sections. One of the most important parts of the executive summary is the mission statement. The mission statement is only three or four sentences long, but it should pack the most punch out of everything else in your business plan: Those four sentences are responsible for not only defining your business, but also capturing the interest of your reader. The rest of your executive summary should fill in the important details that the mission statement glosses over. For instance, your executive summary should include a short history of the business, including founder profiles and start date; a current snapshot, listing locations, numbers of employees, and products or services offered; and a summary of future plans and goals. This section is a candidate for a bulleted format, which allows you to list main points in a manner that is easy to scan. Avoid using too much detail – remember, this section is a summary. A page or two is usually sufficient for an executive summary. Market Analysis The next section of your business plan focuses on market analysis. In order to show that your business has a reasonable chance for success, you will need to thoroughly research the industry and the market you intend to sell to. No bank or investor is going to back a doomed venture, so this section is sure to fall under especially close scrutiny if you are looking for financing. Your market analysis should describe your industry, including the size, growth rate, and trends that could affect the industry. This section should also describe your target market – that is, the type or group of customers that your company intends to serve. The description of your target market should include detail such as: • Distinguishing characteristics • The needs your company or product line will meet • What media and/or marketing methods you’ll use to reach them • What percentage of your target market you expect to be able to wrest away from your competitors In addition, your market analysis should include the results of any market tests you have done, and an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of your competitors. Company Description After your market analysis, your business plan will need to include a description of your company. This section should describe: • The nature of your business • The needs of the market • How your business will meet these needs • Your target market, including specific individuals and/or organizations • The factors that set you apart from your competition and make you likely to succeed Although some of these things overlap with the previous section, they are still necessary parts of your company description. Each section of your business plan should have the ability to stand on its own if need be. In other words, the company description should thoroughly describe your company, even if certain aspects are covered in other sections. Organization and Management Once you have described the nature and purpose of your company, you will need to explain your staff setup. This section should include: • The division of labor – how company processes are divided among the staff • The management hierarchy • Profiles of the company’s owner(s), management personnel, and the Board of Directors • Employee incentives, such as salary, benefits packages, and bonuses This goal of this section is to demonstrate not only good organization within the company, but also the ability to create loyalty in your employees. Long-term employees minimize human resource costs and increase a business’s chances for success, so banks and investors will want to see that you have an effective system in place for maintaining your staff. Marketing and Sales Management The purpose of the marketing and sales section of your business plan is to outline your strategies for marketing your products or services. This section also plans for company growth by describing how the growth could take place. The section should describe your company’s: • Marketing methods • Distributions methods • Type of sales force • Sales activities • Growth strategies Product or Services Following the marketing section of your business plan, you will need a section focusing on the product or services your business offers. This is more than a simple description of your product or services, though. You will also need to include: • The specific benefits your product or service offers customers • The specific needs of the market, and how your product will meet them • The advantages your product has over your competitors • Any copyright, trade secret, or patent information pertaining to your product • Where any new products or services are in the research and development process • Current industry research that you could use in the development of products and services Funding Request Only once you have described your business from head to toe are you ready to detail your funding needs. This section should include everything a bank or investor needs in order to understand what type of funding you want: • How much money you need now • How much money you think you will need over the next five years • How the money you borrow will be used • How long you will need funding • What type of funding you want (i.e. loans, investors, etc.) • Any other terms you want the funding arrangement to include Financials The financials section in your business plan supports your request for outside funding. This section provides an analysis of your company’s prospective financial success. The section also details your company’s financial track record for the past three to five years, unless you are seeking financing for a startup business. The financials section should include: • Company income statements for prior years • Balance sheets for prior years • Cash flow statements for prior years • Forecasted company income statements • Forecasted balance sheets • Forecasted cash flow statements • Projections for the next five years – every month or quarter for the first year, with longer intervals for the remaining years • Collateral you can use to secure a loan The financials section is a great place to include visuals such as graphs, particularly if you predict a positive trend in your projected financials. A graph allows the reader to quickly take in this information, and may do a better job of encouraging a bank or investor to finance your business. However, be sure that the amount of financing you are requesting is in keeping with your projected financials – no matter how impressive your projections are, if you are asking for more money than is warranted, no bank or investor will give it to you. Appendices The appendix is the final section in your business plan. Essentially, this is where you put all of the information that doesn’t fit in the other eight sections, but that someone – particularly a bank or investor – might need to see. For instance, the market analysis section of your business plan may list the results of market studies you have done as part of your market research. Rather than listing the details of the studies in that section, where they will appear cumbersome and detract from the flow of your business plan, you can provide this information in an appendix. Other information that should be relegated to an appendix includes: • Credit histories for both you and your business • Letters of reference • References that have bearing on your company and your product or service, such as magazines or books on the topic • Company licenses and patents • Copies of contracts, leases, and other legal documents • Resumes of your top managers • Names of business consultants, such as your accountant and attorney Writing a Successful Business Plan Despite the quantity of information contained in your business plan, it should be laid out in a format that is easy to read. Just like with any piece of business writing, it is important to craft your business plan with your intended audience in mind – and the bankers, investors, and other busy professionals who will read your business plan almost certainly won’t have time to read a tedious document with long-winded paragraphs and large blocks of text. Business plans for startup companies and company expansions are typically between twenty to forty pages long, but formatting actually accounts for a lot of this length. A strong business plan uses bullet points throughout to break up long sections and highlight its main points. Visuals such as tables and charts are also used to quickly relay specific information, such as trends in sales and other financial information. These techniques ensure that the reader can skim the business plan quickly and efficiently. Think of your audience as only having fifteen minutes to spend on each business plan that comes across their desks. In that fifteen minutes, you not only have to relay your most important points, but also convince the reader that your business venture merits a financial investment. Your best bet is a well-researched business plan, with an organized, easy-to-read format and clear, confident prose.

Type at home, make money through data entry

2008-06-13T18:26:00.002+02:00

DEDICATED MEMBERS REQUIRED FOR A HOME BASED DATA ENTRY WORK LIMITED OPENINGS AVAILABLE Home Based Data Entry Position is a great opportunity for stay at home moms, dads or anyone who wants to work in the comfort of your own home. Work at home online at your comfortable time and With this you can generate enormous income for your needs. There’s no calling stranger or stuffing envelopes as in other home based jobs. No taking surveys or anything like that, just a legit way to make money using your computer at home. These Home Data Entry Positions should earn *$300.00 - $500.00 per week depending on your hard work. We are seeking only honest, self-motivated people with a desire to work in the home typing and data entry field, from the comfort of their own homes. No experience is required to do this job, it’s very simple. The preferred applicants should be at least 18 years old with Internet access. Requirements: 1 Computer with Internet access 2 Valid email address 3 Good typing skills 4 Basic Internet knowledge The following skills are desirable: 1 Basic computer and typing skills 2 Ability to spell and print neatly 3 Ability to follow instructions Training: The training materials will be sent to you once you fix up your mind and decide to work which will give you step by step instructions on how to get started. After you receive your training materials you may begin working the very same day. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR TRAINING MATERIALS VIA YOUR E-MAIL. This work from home opportunity is totally legitimate and how successful you are once again only depends on the time and effort you put forth on your end. There is no special software required for this position. Payments: You will be paid *$10 - $20 for each application you process. For example; if you process 30 applications in a week you will make *$300.00 - $600.00 weekly. The amount of money that you earn is entirely up to you, it depends on the amount of time and effort you choose to put forth. The average person makes $300 - $500 per week. You will be responsible for keeping track of your earnings for tax time, as we do NOT take out any taxes and that is entirely your responsibility. Method of Payment: You will receive your pay either through Site Heart,Paypal,strompay,E-gold,Xoom or to your local bank account. The payments are done directly to one of your online accounts either Site Heart,Xoom,paypal,strompay or E-gold based on your preference. You can also request your earnings through a check or through online money transfer directly to your bank account. You are not going to be paid on a weekly basis, you will be paid for each application that you process. There is a "One Time Non-Refundable Fee" of $ 22.00 (LIMITED TIME OFFER). The cost will cover the training materials sent to you. Once you process your very first order you will have made back this fee "GUARANTEED"! Please understand that as much as we would like not to charge this small processing fee, we must protect ourselves from those who are not serious about this work at home opportunity. No business can afford to cover administrative costs, wasted time or provide costly materials to everyone who inquires about this position. This small fee assures us that you are serious about working from home. Once you have processed your first application you will have already made back the cost of the training materials. When you receive your training materials, you may begin working the very same day

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Please include your email address in the memo line so we can send your training materials.
http://4156936-usd22.00.e-gold.com/Don’t have e-gold?? Don’t worry! Simply click on the link below and open an account with e-gold now: http://www.e-gold.com/e-gold.asp?cid=4156936 If you would like more information, please contact : panjorz@gmail.कॉम

Type at home, make money through data entry

2008-06-13T18:26:00.000+02:00

How to Change a Computer Password Using Command Prompt

2008-04-24T02:47:00.000+02:00

Ever thought of becoming an actual "hacker"? This article shows how to change a computer password and do other things using a command prompt. A command prompt is a command using the special built-in program that comes with every computer which allows you to do almost anything on a computer.

Steps
Open Command Prompt. If you don't know how, open the Start menu, go to Programs (or on Windows 2000 and up, all programs), go to Accessories, then you'll see Command Prompt, click it.
You'll see a black screen pop up.
Type in: "Net User"
It will then show you a detailed little chart of all the User Accounts on the computer.
Choose which account you want to hack.
Say it says the user accounts are: Owner, Administrator, John, Alice, Christopher, and Guest.
You choose Alice (Say you wanted to annoy your wife or girlfriend, I told you this would be a useful guide ;) ).
Now type: "Net User Alice", it'll give you A LOT of information about the account. This step isn't necessary, but it gives you information on other things you can do to the account, such as set it as innactive and delete it.
Type in: "Net User Alice *" It'll tell you to enter a password, then again to confirm it. This will both change the password or make a new one.
Good Job! You've actually hacked an account! Now if Alice says anything, good luck with that, that's in the article "How to Ignore an Annoying Wife or Girlfriend"... if it exists.

How to Break a BIOS Password

2008-04-24T02:24:00.000+02:00

Desktop
Power off the computer and make sure that it is unplugged.
Open up your computer case. You need physical access to the motherboard to complete this procedure.
Find a circular, (mostly) silver metallic object on the motherboard. This is the CMOS battery.
CAREFULLY remove the CMOS battery and leave it out for about 120 seconds. This will flush the CMOS memory which stores the BIOS password and all other configuration. (See Warnings)
Set the battery back into place and power on the computer.
The computer should then warn you that the CMOS configuration could not be found. You can either reconfigure it yourself or restore defaults. Restoring the default configuration should be fine.
You will notice that the BIOS password has been cleared and you can boot without it. You may reset the BIOS password to something else by going into the BIOS configuration and setting a new User Password (The Supervisor Password controls access to the BIOS, NOT the computer!)

Laptop
Remember that laptops can be trickier, especially if it's a newer model. If it has a security chip on the motherboard forget about it. You either have to physically remove the chip or contact the mfg for the "master" password. If you can boot up off of a cd or floppy try any of these methods:
Create a Win98SE bootable media "or anything that lets you boot into MS-DOS" and boot off of it.
When the A:\> prompt appears type debug and press enter.
You will then only see a "-".
Type o 70 2E "include the spaces" and press Enter.
Type o 71 ff "include the spaces" and press Enter.
Type q and press Enter.
Here are a list of common mfg backdoor passwords:
AWARD BIOS
AWARD SW, AWARD_SW, Award SW, AWARD PW, _award, awkward, J64, j256, j262, j332, j322, 01322222, 589589, 589721, 595595, 598598, HLT, SER, SKY_FOX, aLLy, aLLY, Condo, CONCAT, TTPTHA, aPAf, HLT, KDD, ZBAAACA, ZAAADA, ZJAAADC, djonet, %øåñòü ïpîáåëîâ%, %äåâÿòü ïpîáåëîâ%
AMI BIOS
AMI, A.M.I., AMI SW, AMI_SW, BIOS, PASSWORD, HEWITT RAND, Oder
Other passwords you may try (for AMI/AWARD or other BIOSes) - LKWPETER, lkwpeter, BIOSTAR, biostar, BIOSSTAR, biosstar, ALFAROME, Syxz, Wodj

How to Hack Windows

2008-04-24T02:11:00.000+02:00

If you ever needed information on hacking Windows, then here you go. However, keep in mind that this is for learning purposes only.

When the computer starts up, hold down F8 before you see the "Windows Starting" screen. This will bring you to a screen with choices. Your best bet will be "Safe Mode with Command Prompt". You can then do as you wish.
Dialog will appear: you're going to want to go down to the bottom and select "All Files". Then you are going to name the file: Batch.bat. After that, go to where you saved it, and open it. That will open up Command Prompt.
However, if the computer has notepad blocked, you can easily go to any web page and then go to "View>View Source". That will easily open up Notepad.
After that, you will be able to do as you wish inside command prompt. Here is how to add or delete accounts:
Add Account: C:>net user USERNAME /add
Change Accounts password: C:>net user USERNAME * then you'll be able to enter a new password for the account. If you just press enter without typing anything, the account password will be reset.
Delete Account: C:>net localgroup Administrators# # Another way is to open up notepad, (if its not blocked), and type in "command.com". Then goto File->Save As. A USERNAME /ADD

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